Use of ancient grains for the management of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review with meta-analysis

A systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials was conducted to collate evidence from studies implementing ancient grains and investigate the impact of ancient grain consumption on health outcomes of patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Twenty-nine randomized contro...

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Published in:Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases, 2024-03
Main Authors: Magi, Camilla Elena, Rasero, Laura, Mannucci, Edoardo, Bonaccorsi, Guglielmo, Ranaldi, Francesco, Pazzagli, Luigia, Faraoni, Paola, Mulinacci, Nadia, Bambi, Stefano, Longobucco, Yari, Dicembrini, Ilaria, Iovino, Paolo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
barley
brown rice
buckwheat
diabetes mellitus
grain consumption
meta-analysis
metabolism
millets
Salvia hispanica
systematic review
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Summary:A systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials was conducted to collate evidence from studies implementing ancient grains and investigate the impact of ancient grain consumption on health outcomes of patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Twenty-nine randomized controlled trials were included, and 13 were meta-analyzed. Interventions ranged from 1 day to 24 weeks; most samples were affected by DM type 2 (n = 28 studies) and the ancient grains used were oats (n = 10 studies), brown rice (n = 6 studies), buckwheat (n = 4 studies), chia (n = 3 studies), Job's Tears (n = 2 studies), and barley, Khorasan and millet (n = 1 study). Thirteen studies that used oats, brown rice, and chia provided data for a quantitative synthesis. Four studies using oats showed a small to moderate beneficial effect on health outcomes including LDL-c (n = 717, MD: 0.30 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.42 to −0.17, Z = 4.61, p < 0.05, I² = 0%), and TC (n = 717, MD: 0.44 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.63 to −0.24, Z = 4.40, p < 0.05, I² = 0%). Pooled analyses of studies using chia and millet did not show significant effects on selected outcomes. For adults affected by DM type 2, the use of oats may improve lipidic profile. Further experimental designs are needed in interventional research to better understand the effects of ancient grains on diabetes health outcomes. CRD42023422386.
ISSN:0939-4753
DOI:10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.005