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Salicylic acid promotes phenolic acid biosynthesis for the production of phenol acid‐rich barley sprouts
BACKGROUND Phenolic acid exhibits a variety of well‐known physiological functions. In this study, optimal germination conditions to ensure total phenolic acid enrichment in barley sprouts induced by salicylic acid treatment and its effects on sprout physiology and activity, as well as the gene expre...
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| Published in: | Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2024-07, Vol.104 (9), p.5350-5359 |
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| container_end_page | 5359 |
| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | 5350 |
| container_title | Journal of the science of food and agriculture |
| container_volume | 104 |
| creator | Yin, Yongqi Hu, Meixia Yang, Zhengfei Zhu, Jiangyu Fang, Weiming |
| description | BACKGROUND
Phenolic acid exhibits a variety of well‐known physiological functions. In this study, optimal germination conditions to ensure total phenolic acid enrichment in barley sprouts induced by salicylic acid treatment and its effects on sprout physiology and activity, as well as the gene expression of key enzymes for phenolic acid biosynthesis, were investigated.
RESULTS
When sprouts were treated with 1 mmol L−1 salicylic acid during germination and germinated at 25 °C for 4 days, the phenolic acid content was 1.82 times that of the control, reaching 1221.54 μg g−1 fresh weight. Salicylic acid significantly increased the activity of phenylalanine aminolase and cinnamic acid‐4‐hydroxylase and the gene expression of phenylalanine aminolase, cinnamic acid‐3‐hydroxylase, cinnamic acid‐4‐hydroxylase, 4‐coumaric acid‐coenzyme A, caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase, and ferulate‐5‐hydroxylase in barley sprouts. However, salicylic acid treatment significantly increased malondialdehyde and H2O2 content, H2O2 and O2− fluorescence intensity, as well as significantly decreasing sprout length and fresh weight. Salicylic acid treatment markedly increased the activity of peroxidase and catalase and the gene expression of peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in barley sprouts.
CONCLUSION
Salicylic acid treatment during barley germination significantly promoted the enrichment of total phenolic acid by increasing the activities and gene expression levels of enzymes involved in the phenolic acid biosynthesis pathway. Salicylic acid induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, inhibited sprout growth, and activated the antioxidant system. This study provides a basis for the future development of functional foods using phenol acid‐rich plants as raw materials. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jsfa.13365 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3153614774</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3153614774</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3495-4f3e1a08644b05bcd4b0096c98549994e0f69dc6c72156bfbe396035761c9c653</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkctKAzEUhoMoWqsbH0AG3IgwejK5TM9SilcEF9V1mMlkaMp0UpMZpDsfwWf0SUxtdeFCF-GE5MsXzvkJOaJwTgGyi1moi3PKmBRbZEAB8xSAwjYZxMssFZRne2Q_hBkAIEq5S_bYiGXIBQzIbFI0Vi_jSgptq2Th3dx1JiSLqWndz3FpXVi23dQEG5La-SRuV2zV6866NnH15sEX_vH27q2eJmXhG7NMQgT7LhyQnbpogjnc1CF5vr56Gt-mD483d-PLh1QzjiLlNTO0gJHkvARR6ioWQKlxJDgicgO1xEpLnWdUyLIuDUMJTOSSatRSsCE5XXvjty-9CZ2a26BN0xStcX1QjAomKc9z_i-aYcaQUppjRE9-oTPX-zY2ohjIXDJAsRKerSntXQje1Grh7bzwS0VBrcJSq7DUV1gRPt4o-3Juqh_0O50I0DXwauMc_1Cp-8n15Vr6CU6Fn2c</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3067630954</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Salicylic acid promotes phenolic acid biosynthesis for the production of phenol acid‐rich barley sprouts</title><source>Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection</source><creator>Yin, Yongqi ; Hu, Meixia ; Yang, Zhengfei ; Zhu, Jiangyu ; Fang, Weiming</creator><creatorcontrib>Yin, Yongqi ; Hu, Meixia ; Yang, Zhengfei ; Zhu, Jiangyu ; Fang, Weiming</creatorcontrib><description>BACKGROUND
Phenolic acid exhibits a variety of well‐known physiological functions. In this study, optimal germination conditions to ensure total phenolic acid enrichment in barley sprouts induced by salicylic acid treatment and its effects on sprout physiology and activity, as well as the gene expression of key enzymes for phenolic acid biosynthesis, were investigated.
RESULTS
When sprouts were treated with 1 mmol L−1 salicylic acid during germination and germinated at 25 °C for 4 days, the phenolic acid content was 1.82 times that of the control, reaching 1221.54 μg g−1 fresh weight. Salicylic acid significantly increased the activity of phenylalanine aminolase and cinnamic acid‐4‐hydroxylase and the gene expression of phenylalanine aminolase, cinnamic acid‐3‐hydroxylase, cinnamic acid‐4‐hydroxylase, 4‐coumaric acid‐coenzyme A, caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase, and ferulate‐5‐hydroxylase in barley sprouts. However, salicylic acid treatment significantly increased malondialdehyde and H2O2 content, H2O2 and O2− fluorescence intensity, as well as significantly decreasing sprout length and fresh weight. Salicylic acid treatment markedly increased the activity of peroxidase and catalase and the gene expression of peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in barley sprouts.
CONCLUSION
Salicylic acid treatment during barley germination significantly promoted the enrichment of total phenolic acid by increasing the activities and gene expression levels of enzymes involved in the phenolic acid biosynthesis pathway. Salicylic acid induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, inhibited sprout growth, and activated the antioxidant system. This study provides a basis for the future development of functional foods using phenol acid‐rich plants as raw materials. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-5142</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0010</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13365</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38329450</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>accumulation ; acid treatment ; Acids ; agriculture ; ascorbate peroxidase ; Ascorbic acid ; Barley ; barley sprouts ; Biosynthesis ; caffeate O-methyltransferase ; Caffeic acid ; Catalase ; Catalase - genetics ; Catalase - metabolism ; Cinnamic acid ; Coenzyme A ; Coumaric acid ; Enzymes ; fluorescence ; Functional foods & nutraceuticals ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - drug effects ; Germination ; Germination - drug effects ; Hordeum - drug effects ; Hordeum - genetics ; Hordeum - growth & development ; Hordeum - metabolism ; Hydrogen peroxide ; Hydrogen Peroxide - metabolism ; Hydroxybenzoates - metabolism ; Hydroxylase ; L-Ascorbate peroxidase ; malondialdehyde ; Methyltransferase ; Peroxidase ; phenol ; phenolic acid ; Phenolic acids ; Phenols ; Phenylalanine ; Physiology ; Plant Proteins - genetics ; Plant Proteins - metabolism ; Raw materials ; Reactive oxygen species ; Salicylic acid ; Salicylic Acid - metabolism ; Salicylic Acid - pharmacology ; Seedlings - drug effects ; Seedlings - growth & development ; Seedlings - metabolism ; Seeds - chemistry ; Seeds - drug effects ; Seeds - growth & development ; Seeds - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2024-07, Vol.104 (9), p.5350-5359</ispartof><rights>2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</rights><rights>2024 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3495-4f3e1a08644b05bcd4b0096c98549994e0f69dc6c72156bfbe396035761c9c653</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6127-5778 ; 0000-0001-6618-4138</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38329450$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yin, Yongqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Meixia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Zhengfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jiangyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fang, Weiming</creatorcontrib><title>Salicylic acid promotes phenolic acid biosynthesis for the production of phenol acid‐rich barley sprouts</title><title>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</title><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND
Phenolic acid exhibits a variety of well‐known physiological functions. In this study, optimal germination conditions to ensure total phenolic acid enrichment in barley sprouts induced by salicylic acid treatment and its effects on sprout physiology and activity, as well as the gene expression of key enzymes for phenolic acid biosynthesis, were investigated.
RESULTS
When sprouts were treated with 1 mmol L−1 salicylic acid during germination and germinated at 25 °C for 4 days, the phenolic acid content was 1.82 times that of the control, reaching 1221.54 μg g−1 fresh weight. Salicylic acid significantly increased the activity of phenylalanine aminolase and cinnamic acid‐4‐hydroxylase and the gene expression of phenylalanine aminolase, cinnamic acid‐3‐hydroxylase, cinnamic acid‐4‐hydroxylase, 4‐coumaric acid‐coenzyme A, caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase, and ferulate‐5‐hydroxylase in barley sprouts. However, salicylic acid treatment significantly increased malondialdehyde and H2O2 content, H2O2 and O2− fluorescence intensity, as well as significantly decreasing sprout length and fresh weight. Salicylic acid treatment markedly increased the activity of peroxidase and catalase and the gene expression of peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in barley sprouts.
CONCLUSION
Salicylic acid treatment during barley germination significantly promoted the enrichment of total phenolic acid by increasing the activities and gene expression levels of enzymes involved in the phenolic acid biosynthesis pathway. Salicylic acid induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, inhibited sprout growth, and activated the antioxidant system. This study provides a basis for the future development of functional foods using phenol acid‐rich plants as raw materials. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</description><subject>accumulation</subject><subject>acid treatment</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>agriculture</subject><subject>ascorbate peroxidase</subject><subject>Ascorbic acid</subject><subject>Barley</subject><subject>barley sprouts</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>caffeate O-methyltransferase</subject><subject>Caffeic acid</subject><subject>Catalase</subject><subject>Catalase - genetics</subject><subject>Catalase - metabolism</subject><subject>Cinnamic acid</subject><subject>Coenzyme A</subject><subject>Coumaric acid</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>fluorescence</subject><subject>Functional foods & nutraceuticals</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - drug effects</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Germination - drug effects</subject><subject>Hordeum - drug effects</subject><subject>Hordeum - genetics</subject><subject>Hordeum - growth & development</subject><subject>Hordeum - metabolism</subject><subject>Hydrogen peroxide</subject><subject>Hydrogen Peroxide - metabolism</subject><subject>Hydroxybenzoates - metabolism</subject><subject>Hydroxylase</subject><subject>L-Ascorbate peroxidase</subject><subject>malondialdehyde</subject><subject>Methyltransferase</subject><subject>Peroxidase</subject><subject>phenol</subject><subject>phenolic acid</subject><subject>Phenolic acids</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Phenylalanine</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Reactive oxygen species</subject><subject>Salicylic acid</subject><subject>Salicylic Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Salicylic Acid - pharmacology</subject><subject>Seedlings - drug effects</subject><subject>Seedlings - growth & development</subject><subject>Seedlings - metabolism</subject><subject>Seeds - chemistry</subject><subject>Seeds - drug effects</subject><subject>Seeds - growth & development</subject><subject>Seeds - metabolism</subject><issn>0022-5142</issn><issn>1097-0010</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkctKAzEUhoMoWqsbH0AG3IgwejK5TM9SilcEF9V1mMlkaMp0UpMZpDsfwWf0SUxtdeFCF-GE5MsXzvkJOaJwTgGyi1moi3PKmBRbZEAB8xSAwjYZxMssFZRne2Q_hBkAIEq5S_bYiGXIBQzIbFI0Vi_jSgptq2Th3dx1JiSLqWndz3FpXVi23dQEG5La-SRuV2zV6866NnH15sEX_vH27q2eJmXhG7NMQgT7LhyQnbpogjnc1CF5vr56Gt-mD483d-PLh1QzjiLlNTO0gJHkvARR6ioWQKlxJDgicgO1xEpLnWdUyLIuDUMJTOSSatRSsCE5XXvjty-9CZ2a26BN0xStcX1QjAomKc9z_i-aYcaQUppjRE9-oTPX-zY2ohjIXDJAsRKerSntXQje1Grh7bzwS0VBrcJSq7DUV1gRPt4o-3Juqh_0O50I0DXwauMc_1Cp-8n15Vr6CU6Fn2c</recordid><startdate>202407</startdate><enddate>202407</enddate><creator>Yin, Yongqi</creator><creator>Hu, Meixia</creator><creator>Yang, Zhengfei</creator><creator>Zhu, Jiangyu</creator><creator>Fang, Weiming</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>John Wiley and Sons, Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-5778</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-4138</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202407</creationdate><title>Salicylic acid promotes phenolic acid biosynthesis for the production of phenol acid‐rich barley sprouts</title><author>Yin, Yongqi ; Hu, Meixia ; Yang, Zhengfei ; Zhu, Jiangyu ; Fang, Weiming</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3495-4f3e1a08644b05bcd4b0096c98549994e0f69dc6c72156bfbe396035761c9c653</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>accumulation</topic><topic>acid treatment</topic><topic>Acids</topic><topic>agriculture</topic><topic>ascorbate peroxidase</topic><topic>Ascorbic acid</topic><topic>Barley</topic><topic>barley sprouts</topic><topic>Biosynthesis</topic><topic>caffeate O-methyltransferase</topic><topic>Caffeic acid</topic><topic>Catalase</topic><topic>Catalase - genetics</topic><topic>Catalase - metabolism</topic><topic>Cinnamic acid</topic><topic>Coenzyme A</topic><topic>Coumaric acid</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>fluorescence</topic><topic>Functional foods & nutraceuticals</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - drug effects</topic><topic>Germination</topic><topic>Germination - drug effects</topic><topic>Hordeum - drug effects</topic><topic>Hordeum - genetics</topic><topic>Hordeum - growth & development</topic><topic>Hordeum - metabolism</topic><topic>Hydrogen peroxide</topic><topic>Hydrogen Peroxide - metabolism</topic><topic>Hydroxybenzoates - metabolism</topic><topic>Hydroxylase</topic><topic>L-Ascorbate peroxidase</topic><topic>malondialdehyde</topic><topic>Methyltransferase</topic><topic>Peroxidase</topic><topic>phenol</topic><topic>phenolic acid</topic><topic>Phenolic acids</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Phenylalanine</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Raw materials</topic><topic>Reactive oxygen species</topic><topic>Salicylic acid</topic><topic>Salicylic Acid - metabolism</topic><topic>Salicylic Acid - pharmacology</topic><topic>Seedlings - drug effects</topic><topic>Seedlings - growth & development</topic><topic>Seedlings - metabolism</topic><topic>Seeds - chemistry</topic><topic>Seeds - drug effects</topic><topic>Seeds - growth & development</topic><topic>Seeds - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yin, Yongqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Meixia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Zhengfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jiangyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fang, Weiming</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yin, Yongqi</au><au>Hu, Meixia</au><au>Yang, Zhengfei</au><au>Zhu, Jiangyu</au><au>Fang, Weiming</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Salicylic acid promotes phenolic acid biosynthesis for the production of phenol acid‐rich barley sprouts</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</jtitle><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><date>2024-07</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>104</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>5350</spage><epage>5359</epage><pages>5350-5359</pages><issn>0022-5142</issn><eissn>1097-0010</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUND
Phenolic acid exhibits a variety of well‐known physiological functions. In this study, optimal germination conditions to ensure total phenolic acid enrichment in barley sprouts induced by salicylic acid treatment and its effects on sprout physiology and activity, as well as the gene expression of key enzymes for phenolic acid biosynthesis, were investigated.
RESULTS
When sprouts were treated with 1 mmol L−1 salicylic acid during germination and germinated at 25 °C for 4 days, the phenolic acid content was 1.82 times that of the control, reaching 1221.54 μg g−1 fresh weight. Salicylic acid significantly increased the activity of phenylalanine aminolase and cinnamic acid‐4‐hydroxylase and the gene expression of phenylalanine aminolase, cinnamic acid‐3‐hydroxylase, cinnamic acid‐4‐hydroxylase, 4‐coumaric acid‐coenzyme A, caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase, and ferulate‐5‐hydroxylase in barley sprouts. However, salicylic acid treatment significantly increased malondialdehyde and H2O2 content, H2O2 and O2− fluorescence intensity, as well as significantly decreasing sprout length and fresh weight. Salicylic acid treatment markedly increased the activity of peroxidase and catalase and the gene expression of peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in barley sprouts.
CONCLUSION
Salicylic acid treatment during barley germination significantly promoted the enrichment of total phenolic acid by increasing the activities and gene expression levels of enzymes involved in the phenolic acid biosynthesis pathway. Salicylic acid induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, inhibited sprout growth, and activated the antioxidant system. This study provides a basis for the future development of functional foods using phenol acid‐rich plants as raw materials. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>38329450</pmid><doi>10.1002/jsfa.13365</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-5778</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-4138</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2024-07, Vol.104 (9), p.5350-5359 |
| issn | 0022-5142 1097-0010 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection |
| subjects | accumulation acid treatment Acids agriculture ascorbate peroxidase Ascorbic acid Barley barley sprouts Biosynthesis caffeate O-methyltransferase Caffeic acid Catalase Catalase - genetics Catalase - metabolism Cinnamic acid Coenzyme A Coumaric acid Enzymes fluorescence Functional foods & nutraceuticals Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - drug effects Germination Germination - drug effects Hordeum - drug effects Hordeum - genetics Hordeum - growth & development Hordeum - metabolism Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen Peroxide - metabolism Hydroxybenzoates - metabolism Hydroxylase L-Ascorbate peroxidase malondialdehyde Methyltransferase Peroxidase phenol phenolic acid Phenolic acids Phenols Phenylalanine Physiology Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - metabolism Raw materials Reactive oxygen species Salicylic acid Salicylic Acid - metabolism Salicylic Acid - pharmacology Seedlings - drug effects Seedlings - growth & development Seedlings - metabolism Seeds - chemistry Seeds - drug effects Seeds - growth & development Seeds - metabolism |
| title | Salicylic acid promotes phenolic acid biosynthesis for the production of phenol acid‐rich barley sprouts |
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