Characterization of antibiofilm compound from marine sponge Stylissa carteri

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2024-05, Vol.31 (25), p.37552-37563
• Main Authors: Rahman, Nor Izzati Abd, Ramzi, Mujahidah Mohd, Rawi, Nurul Najihah, Siong, Julius Yong Fu, Bakar, Kamariah, Bhubalan, Kesaven, Ariffin, Fazilah, Saidin, Jasnizat, Azemi, Ahmad Khusairi, Ismail, Noraznawati
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alkaloids; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibacterial activity; antibacterial properties; Antifouling substances; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Bacteria; Bioassays; biofilm; Biofilms; Biofilms - drug effects; Chemical defense; chemical defenses; Chromatography; Cytotoxicity; Disc-diffusion test; Earth and Environmental Science; Economic impact; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Fouling; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Fourier transforms; Fractionation; Gentian violet; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; human cell lines; Humans; Infrared spectroscopy; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; NMR; NMR spectroscopy; Nuclear magnetic resonance; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Porifera; Porifera - chemistry; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects; Research Article; risk; solid phase extraction; Solid phases; Spectroscopy; Stylissa carteri; Thin layer chromatography; toxicity testing; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 1614-7499; 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33704-0

The fouling phenomenon grabbed global attention and caused huge economic losses specifically in marine-related industries. Sessile behavior exposed the sponge to the risk of fouling. However, their bodies remained free from foulers, which were attributed to the chemical defense system. The objectives of this study were to determine the antibiofilm activity of the marine sponge, Stylissa carteri , and to characterize the isolated compound involved. The antibiofilm activity of S. carteri methanolic crude extract (MCE) and fractions was tested against biofilm-producing bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , using two different modes of crystal violet biofilm assays: preventive and detachment. Besides that, the disc-diffusion test was conducted to screen the antibacterial activity against gram -positive and gram -negative bacteria while a cytotoxicity assay was conducted on the HepG2 cell line. Bioassay-guided fractionation was carried out using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and solid phase extraction using a C18 Sep-Pak Cartridge. The crystal compound was isolated and characterized through thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The S. carteri MCE showed a promising result with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 20.22 μg/mL in the preventive assay, while no IC 50 was determined in the detachment assay since all inhibitions