Efficacy of essential oil from ginger (Zingiber officinale) for anesthesia and transport sedation of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

• Published in: Fish physiology and biochemistry 2024-06, Vol.50 (3), p.865-880
• Main Authors: Moreira, Anuzhia Paiva, Oliveira, Fúlvia Cristina, Ferreira, Andre Lima, de Almeida, Patrini Rodrigues, Costa, Deliane Cristina, Cardoso, Claudia Andrea Lima, Chaves, Francisco Célio Maia, Chagas, Edsandra Campos, de Campos, Cristiane Meldau
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anaesthesia; Anesthesia; anesthetics; Animal Anatomy; Animal Biochemistry; Animal Physiology; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Bisabolene; Blood; Components; Essential oils; fish; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Ginger; Haemoglobin; Hematocrit; Hematology; Hemoglobin; Histology; juveniles; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Life Sciences; Liver; Monocytes; Morphology; Muscles; neutrophils; Oils & fats; Oxygen consumption; Piaractus mesopotamicus; sedation; sedatives; Water quality; Zingiber officinale; Zoology
• ISSN: 0920-1742; 1573-5168; 1573-5168
• DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01346-1

This study evaluated the anesthetic and sedative effects of the essential oil of Zingiber officinale (EOZO) on juvenile pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ). Experiment 1 evaluated concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L -1 EOZO for times of induction and recovery from anesthesia. Furthermore, hematological responses and residual components of EOZO in plasma were determined immediately after anesthesia. Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg L -1 EOZO on water quality, blood variables and residual components of EOZO in plasma and tissues (muscle and liver) immediately after 2 h of transport. Survival was 100%. The three main compounds of EOZO [zingiberene (32.27%), β-sesquiphellandrene (18.42%) and β-bisabolene (13.93%)] were observed in animal plasma and tissues (muscle and liver) after anesthesia and transport, demonstrating a direct linear effect among the evaluated concentrations. The concentration of 200 mg L -1 EOZO promoted surgical anesthesia of pacu and prevented an increase in monocyte and neutrophil levels, yet did not alter other hematological parameters. The use of 30 mg L -1 EOZO has a sedative effect on juvenile pacu, thereby reducing oxygen consumption during transport. Furthermore, the use of 30 mg L -1 EOZO in transport water prevented an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit, with minimal influences on other blood variables.