Heterojunction of branched benzopyrazine-based polymers coating on graphene for electrochemical sensing of vanillin

• Published in: Talanta (Oxford) 2024-09, Vol.277, p.126420, Article 126420
• Main Authors: Li, Xiaokun, Fang, Yuelan, Li, Huan, Feng, Suxiang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Benzopyrazine; blood serum; Conjugated microporous polymers; cosmetics; detection limit; drugs; Electrochemical sensor; electrochemistry; graphene; human health; humans; sensors (equipment); urine; Vanillin; voltammetry
• ISSN: 0039-9140; 1873-3573; 1873-3573
• DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126420

Vanillin finds widespread applications in various industries, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. However, excessive intake of vanillin could pose risks to human health. This study detailed the successful creation of a heterojunction of branched benzopyrazine-based polymers coating on graphene (CMP-rGO) through the Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reaction. Utilizing the CMP-rGO, a novel electrochemical sensor for vanillin detection was developed. Besides, the synthesized materials were validated using standard characterization techniques. Both cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques were employed to investigate vanillin's electrochemical characteristics on this sensor. The findings indicated a significant enhancement in vanillin's electrochemical signal responsiveness with the application of CMP-rGO. Under optimal conditions, the sensor demonstrated a linear response to vanillin concentrations ranging from 0.08 to 33 μM and achieved a detection limit as low as 0.014 μM. Also, the constructed electrochemical sensor exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. It has been effectively employed to detect vanillin in real samples such as human serum, human urine, and vanillin tablets, with a recovery rate of 99.13–103.6 % and an RSD of 3.46–1.26 %. Overall, this innovative sensor offers a novel approach to the efficient and convenient detection of vanillin. [Display omitted] •A benzopyrazine-based polymer coating on graphene (CMP-rGO) was synthesized.•CMP-rGO was used in the electrochemical sensor for vanillin detection.•The electrochemical sensor successfully detected vanillin in the actual samples.•This study expanded the application of CMP-rGO to electrochemical sensors.