A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Children Goiter in High Water Iodine Areas of China

Although there are now a large number of studies confirming that high iodine levels can cause goiter, there is controversy and a lack of quantitative data. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Database for lite...

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Published in:Biological trace element research 2024-10, Vol.202 (10), p.4431-4439
Main Authors: Xing, Zhilei, Liu, Siyu, Ding, Peisen, Yu, Xiaomeng, Song, Jiahui, Sun, Huajun, Cui, Yushan, Liu, Hongliang
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Age
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical data
Biotechnology
Child
Children
China
China - epidemiology
computer software
Goiter
Goiter - epidemiology
Humans
Iodine
Iodine - urine
Life Sciences
Meta-analysis
Nutrition
Oncology
Prevalence
Review
Statistical analysis
Subgroups
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Sun, Huajun
Cui, Yushan
Liu, Hongliang
description Although there are now a large number of studies confirming that high iodine levels can cause goiter, there is controversy and a lack of quantitative data. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Database for literature on high iodine and goiter in children was performed with a time limit from January 2013 to October 2023. After screening the literature based on the inclusion criteria, extracting the literature data, and evaluating the risk of bias of the included studies, a single-arm meta-analysis was performed using R 4.0.4 software. Twenty-three studies with a total of 50,980 subjects were included. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of goiter among children in water-borne iodine-excess areas was 6.0% [95% CI (4.3%, 7.6%)], and subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of goiter in children with water iodine 100.1–150 µg/L, 150.1–300 µg/L, and > 300 µg/L was 7.5% [95% CI (0.0%, 15.8%)], 5.5% [95% CI (3.1%, 8.0%)], and 10.2% [95% CI (6.7%, 13.6%)], respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P  
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A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Database for literature on high iodine and goiter in children was performed with a time limit from January 2013 to October 2023. After screening the literature based on the inclusion criteria, extracting the literature data, and evaluating the risk of bias of the included studies, a single-arm meta-analysis was performed using R 4.0.4 software. Twenty-three studies with a total of 50,980 subjects were included. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of goiter among children in water-borne iodine-excess areas was 6.0% [95% CI (4.3%, 7.6%)], and subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of goiter in children with water iodine 100.1–150 µg/L, 150.1–300 µg/L, and &gt; 300 µg/L was 7.5% [95% CI (0.0%, 15.8%)], 5.5% [95% CI (3.1%, 8.0%)], and 10.2% [95% CI (6.7%, 13.6%)], respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P  &lt; 0.01); The prevalence of goiter among children in the northern China (5.8% [95% CI (4.1%, 7.5%)]) was higher than that in the southern China (3.5% [95% CI (1.0%, 6.0%)]) ( P  &lt; 0.01); the prevalence of goiter in children with urinary iodine levels 100–199 µg/L, 200–299 µg/L, and ≥ 300 µg/L was 2.4% [95% CI (1.9%, 2.9%)], 3.3% [95% CI (1.9%, 4.8%)], and 7.3% [95% CI (4.4%, 9.9%)], respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( P  &lt; 0.01); the prevalence of goiter in children aged 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 years old was 5.1% [95% CI (3.9%, 6.4%)], 8.0% [95% CI (4.0%, 11.9%)], 6.2% [95% CI (3.9%, 8.5%)], 5.5% [95% CI (0.0%, 13.2%)], and 5.4% [95% CI (0.0%, 15.1%)], and when age ≥ 9 years, the relationship between goiter prevalence and age showed a trend toward decreasing with age, but the relationship between different age was no statistical difference in the prevalence of goiter between ages. urinary iodine. The prevalence of goiter in children was higher in areas with high water iodine; the prevalence of goiter in children in the north was significantly higher than that in the south; the prevalence of goiter in children tends to increase with increased urinary iodine levels.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0163-4984</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1559-0720</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-0720</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04035-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38172419</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Age ; Biochemistry ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedical data ; Biotechnology ; Child ; Children ; China ; China - epidemiology ; computer software ; Goiter ; Goiter - epidemiology ; Humans ; Iodine ; Iodine - urine ; Life Sciences ; Meta-analysis ; Nutrition ; Oncology ; Prevalence ; Review ; Statistical analysis ; Subgroups</subject><ispartof>Biological trace element research, 2024-10, Vol.202 (10), p.4431-4439</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. 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The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c359t-4aea8846f0a948cb36eebc0e92e364732b91b53efe3f415bb9865219417a27e13</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9728-2283 ; 0000-0002-7140-0955</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38172419$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Xing, Zhilei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Siyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Peisen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Xiaomeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Jiahui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Huajun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cui, Yushan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Hongliang</creatorcontrib><title>A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Children Goiter in High Water Iodine Areas of China</title><title>Biological trace element research</title><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><description>Although there are now a large number of studies confirming that high iodine levels can cause goiter, there is controversy and a lack of quantitative data. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Database for literature on high iodine and goiter in children was performed with a time limit from January 2013 to October 2023. After screening the literature based on the inclusion criteria, extracting the literature data, and evaluating the risk of bias of the included studies, a single-arm meta-analysis was performed using R 4.0.4 software. Twenty-three studies with a total of 50,980 subjects were included. 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A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Database for literature on high iodine and goiter in children was performed with a time limit from January 2013 to October 2023. After screening the literature based on the inclusion criteria, extracting the literature data, and evaluating the risk of bias of the included studies, a single-arm meta-analysis was performed using R 4.0.4 software. Twenty-three studies with a total of 50,980 subjects were included. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of goiter among children in water-borne iodine-excess areas was 6.0% [95% CI (4.3%, 7.6%)], and subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of goiter in children with water iodine 100.1–150 µg/L, 150.1–300 µg/L, and &gt; 300 µg/L was 7.5% [95% CI (0.0%, 15.8%)], 5.5% [95% CI (3.1%, 8.0%)], and 10.2% [95% CI (6.7%, 13.6%)], respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P  &lt; 0.01); The prevalence of goiter among children in the northern China (5.8% [95% CI (4.1%, 7.5%)]) was higher than that in the southern China (3.5% [95% CI (1.0%, 6.0%)]) ( P  &lt; 0.01); the prevalence of goiter in children with urinary iodine levels 100–199 µg/L, 200–299 µg/L, and ≥ 300 µg/L was 2.4% [95% CI (1.9%, 2.9%)], 3.3% [95% CI (1.9%, 4.8%)], and 7.3% [95% CI (4.4%, 9.9%)], respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( P  &lt; 0.01); the prevalence of goiter in children aged 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 years old was 5.1% [95% CI (3.9%, 6.4%)], 8.0% [95% CI (4.0%, 11.9%)], 6.2% [95% CI (3.9%, 8.5%)], 5.5% [95% CI (0.0%, 13.2%)], and 5.4% [95% CI (0.0%, 15.1%)], and when age ≥ 9 years, the relationship between goiter prevalence and age showed a trend toward decreasing with age, but the relationship between different age was no statistical difference in the prevalence of goiter between ages. urinary iodine. The prevalence of goiter in children was higher in areas with high water iodine; the prevalence of goiter in children in the north was significantly higher than that in the south; the prevalence of goiter in children tends to increase with increased urinary iodine levels.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>38172419</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12011-023-04035-x</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9728-2283</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7140-0955</orcidid></addata></record>
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source Springer Nature
subjects Age
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical data
Biotechnology
Child
Children
China
China - epidemiology
computer software
Goiter
Goiter - epidemiology
Humans
Iodine
Iodine - urine
Life Sciences
Meta-analysis
Nutrition
Oncology
Prevalence
Review
Statistical analysis
Subgroups
title A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Children Goiter in High Water Iodine Areas of China
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