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Salinity stress provokes diverse physiological responses of eukaryotic unicellular microalgae

Highly saline conditions represent a strong challenge for most microorganisms in freshwater ecosystems. Eukaryotic freshwater green algae from the Chlorophyta clade were investigated for their ability to survive in and adapt to increased salt concentration in the growth medium. Striking differences...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Algal research (Amsterdam) 2023-06, Vol.73, p.103155, Article 103155
Main Authors: Farkas, Attila, Pap, Bernadett, Zsíros, Ottó, Patai, Roland, Shetty, Prateek, Garab, Győző, Bíró, Tibor, Ördög, Vince, Maróti, Gergely
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Language:English
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Summary:Highly saline conditions represent a strong challenge for most microorganisms in freshwater ecosystems. Eukaryotic freshwater green algae from the Chlorophyta clade were investigated for their ability to survive in and adapt to increased salt concentration in the growth medium. Striking differences were detected between the responses of the various algae species to the elevated salt concentrations. The investigated Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc124 and Coelastrella sp. MACC-549 algae showed a moderate resistance to increased salt concentration, while Chlorella sp. MACC-360 exhibited high salt tolerance, showed unaltered growth characteristics and photosynthetic efficiency compared to the saline-free control conditions even at 600 mM NaCl concentration. Diverse physiological responses to elevated salt concentrations were described for the tested algae including variations in their growth capacity, characteristic morphological changes, alterations in the structure and function of the photosynthetic machinery and differences in the production of reactive oxygen species. Special alterations were identified in the lipid and exopolysaccharide production patterns of the tested algal strains in response to high salinity. As a conclusion Chlorella sp. MACC-360 algae showed outstanding salt tolerance features. Together with the concomitant lipid-producing phenotype under highly saline conditions this unicellular green alga is a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. •Salt tolerance of Chlorophyta green algae was investigated (Chlamydomonas, Chlorella and Coelastrella species).•Short-term acclimation mechanisms were compared across algal species.•Chlorella sp. MACC-360 showed outstanding salt tolerance (up to 600 mM NaCl).•Lipid production was induced in Chlorella sp. MACC-360 under highly saline (650 mM) conditions.
ISSN:2211-9264
2211-9264
DOI:10.1016/j.algal.2023.103155