Sampling, composition, and biological effects of Mexico City airborne particulate matter from multiple periods

• Published in: The Science of the total environment 2024-05, Vol.926, p.171933-171933, Article 171933
• Main Authors: Santibáñez-Andrade, Miguel, Quezada-Maldonado, Ericka Marel, Quintana-Belmares, Raúl, Morales-Bárcenas, Rocío, Rosas-Pérez, Irma, Amador-Muñoz, Omar, Miranda, Javier, Sánchez-Pérez, Yesennia, García-Cuellar, Claudia M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: aerodynamics; Air Pollutants - analysis; Air Pollutants - toxicity; air pollution; Air Pollution - analysis; Airborne particulate matter; anaphase; apoptosis; bioactive properties; Biological effects; cell lines; cell viability; Cities; Composition; environment; human health; Humans; inflammation; interleukin-6; lungs; Mexico; Particle Size; Particulate Matter - analysis; Particulate Matter - toxicity; particulates; PM10; PM2.5; risk factors; Sampling; secretion
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171933

Air pollution is a worldwide environmental problem with an impact on human health. Particulate matter of ten micrometers or less aerodynamic diameter (PM10) as well as its fine fraction (PM2.5) is related to multiple pulmonary diseases. The impact of air pollution in Mexico City, and importantly, particulate matter has been studied and considered as a risk factor for two decades ago. Previous studies have reported the composition of Mexico City particulate matter, as well as the biological effects induced by this material. However, material collected and used in previous studies is a limited resource, and sampling and particle recovery techniques have been improved. In this study, we describe the methods used in our laboratory for Mexico City airborne particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 sampling, considering the years 2017, 2018 and 2019. We also analyzed the PM10 and PM2.5 samples obtained to determine their composition. Finally, we exposed lung cell line cultures to PM10 and PM2.5 to evaluate the biological effect of the material in terms of cell viability, cell death, inflammatory response, and cytogenetic alterations. Our results showed that PM10 composition includes inorganic, organic and biological compounds, while PM2.5 is a mixture of more enriched organic compounds. PM10 and PM2.5 treatment in lung cells does not significantly impact cell viability/cell death. However, PM10 and PM2.5 increase the secretion levels of IL-6. Moreover, PM10 as well as PM2.5 induce cytogenetic alterations, such as micronuclei, anaphase bridges, trinucleated cells and apoptotic cells in lung cells. Our results update the evidence of the composition and biological effects of Mexico City particulate matter and provide us a reliable basis for future approaches. [Display omitted] •Air pollution represents a global environmental problem with an impact on human health.•Mexico City air pollution has been a risk factor for lung and other diseases.•Composition of Mexico City PM10 and PM2.5 analysis includes inorganic, organic and biological compounds.•Mexico City PM10 and PM2.5 increase the secretion levels of IL-6•Mexico City PM10 and PM2.5 induce multiple cytogenetic alterations in A549 cells.