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Novel ternary nanocomposite (TiO2@Fe3O4-chitosan) system for nitrate removal from water: an adsorption cum photocatalytic approach
Nitrate pollution of water emerging from various anthropogenic activities has become a major environmental concern because of its deleterious effects on natural water resources. The present work deals with the synthesis of the ternary nanocomposite based on chitosan, iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ), and tita...
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| Published in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2024-08, Vol.31 (38), p.50670-50685 |
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| container_issue | 38 |
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| container_title | Environmental science and pollution research international |
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| creator | Venu Sreekala, Smitha George, Jilsha Thoppil Ramakrishnan, Resmi Puthenveedu Sadasivan Pillai, Harikumar |
| description | Nitrate pollution of water emerging from various anthropogenic activities has become a major environmental concern because of its deleterious effects on natural water resources. The present work deals with the synthesis of the ternary nanocomposite based on chitosan, iron oxide (Fe
3
O
4
), and titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) and its application for the removal of nitrates from model-contaminated water. Fe
3
O
4
derived through a coprecipitation method was incorporated into the chitosan matrix which was fabricated in the form of beads. The wet gel beads were then successfully coated with sol–gel-derived silver-doped titanium dioxide sol followed by drying under suitable conditions to get the functional nanocomposite beads. The synthesized functional materials were further characterized for their structural, morphological, and textural features using X-ray diffraction analysis, physical property measurement (PPMS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, UV visible spectroscopy analysis (UV–vis), BET surface area analysis (BET), field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The ternary nanocomposites were further used for the removal of nitrates via adsorption cum photocatalytic reduction technique from the model contaminated water when subjected to an adsorption study under dark conditions and photocatalytic study under UV/visible/sunlight for a definite time. Fe
3
O
4
in the nanocomposite provides enhanced adsorption features whereas the functional coating of titanium dioxide aids in the removal of nitrates through the photocatalytic reduction technique. The functional beads containing 3% Fe
3
O
4
in the wet gel form (CTA-F3) have excellent nitrate removal efficiency of ~ 97% via adsorption cum solar photocatalysis towards the removal of nitrate ions from 50 ppm nitrate solution, whereas the dried nanocomposite beads have got a nitrate removal efficiency of ~ 68% in 1 h from 100 ppm nitrate solution. Continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalytic study was performed further using the oven-dried functional beads in which flow rate and bed height were varied while maintaining the concentration of feed solution as constant. A nitrate removal efficiency of 65% and an adsorption capacity of 4.1 mgg
−1
were obtained for the CTA-F3 beads in the continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalysis experiment for up to 5 h when using an inlet concentration of 100 ppm, bed height 12 cm, and flow rate 5.0 ml min
−1 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-024-34553-7 |
| format | article |
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3
O
4
), and titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) and its application for the removal of nitrates from model-contaminated water. Fe
3
O
4
derived through a coprecipitation method was incorporated into the chitosan matrix which was fabricated in the form of beads. The wet gel beads were then successfully coated with sol–gel-derived silver-doped titanium dioxide sol followed by drying under suitable conditions to get the functional nanocomposite beads. The synthesized functional materials were further characterized for their structural, morphological, and textural features using X-ray diffraction analysis, physical property measurement (PPMS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, UV visible spectroscopy analysis (UV–vis), BET surface area analysis (BET), field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The ternary nanocomposites were further used for the removal of nitrates via adsorption cum photocatalytic reduction technique from the model contaminated water when subjected to an adsorption study under dark conditions and photocatalytic study under UV/visible/sunlight for a definite time. Fe
3
O
4
in the nanocomposite provides enhanced adsorption features whereas the functional coating of titanium dioxide aids in the removal of nitrates through the photocatalytic reduction technique. The functional beads containing 3% Fe
3
O
4
in the wet gel form (CTA-F3) have excellent nitrate removal efficiency of ~ 97% via adsorption cum solar photocatalysis towards the removal of nitrate ions from 50 ppm nitrate solution, whereas the dried nanocomposite beads have got a nitrate removal efficiency of ~ 68% in 1 h from 100 ppm nitrate solution. Continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalytic study was performed further using the oven-dried functional beads in which flow rate and bed height were varied while maintaining the concentration of feed solution as constant. A nitrate removal efficiency of 65% and an adsorption capacity of 4.1 mgg
−1
were obtained for the CTA-F3 beads in the continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalysis experiment for up to 5 h when using an inlet concentration of 100 ppm, bed height 12 cm, and flow rate 5.0 ml min
−1
. A representative fixed-bed column adsorption experiment conducted using CTA-F3 beads for the treatment of a real groundwater sample shows reasonable results for nitrate removal (71.7% efficiency) along with a significant removal rate for the other anions as well. Thus, the novel adsorbent/photocatalyst developed is suitable for the removal of nitrates from water due to the synergistic effect between Fe
3
O
4
, chitosan, and titanium dioxide.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34553-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39102139</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>adsorbents ; Adsorption ; Anions ; Anthropogenic factors ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Chitosan ; Continuous flow ; coprecipitation ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental perception ; Field emission ; Flow rates ; Flow velocity ; Fourier analysis ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Fourier transforms ; Functional materials ; gels ; Groundwater ; Groundwater treatment ; Infrared analysis ; Iron oxides ; Nanocomposites ; Nitrate removal ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen removal ; Nutrient removal ; Photocatalysis ; photocatalysts ; Research Article ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Silver ; Sol-gel processes ; solar radiation ; Structure-function relationships ; surface area ; synergism ; Synergistic effect ; Titanium ; Titanium dioxide ; Transmission electron microscopy ; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy ; Waste Water Technology ; Water analysis ; Water Management ; Water pollution ; Water Pollution Control ; Water resources ; Water sampling ; Water treatment ; X-ray diffraction</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2024-08, Vol.31 (38), p.50670-50685</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2047-5f23d292bee7387f87b4e23dc4067699538e0b6d47dd81460697b2a8abc0b9c83</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4829-0372</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39102139$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Venu Sreekala, Smitha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>George, Jilsha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thoppil Ramakrishnan, Resmi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Puthenveedu Sadasivan Pillai, Harikumar</creatorcontrib><title>Novel ternary nanocomposite (TiO2@Fe3O4-chitosan) system for nitrate removal from water: an adsorption cum photocatalytic approach</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Nitrate pollution of water emerging from various anthropogenic activities has become a major environmental concern because of its deleterious effects on natural water resources. The present work deals with the synthesis of the ternary nanocomposite based on chitosan, iron oxide (Fe
3
O
4
), and titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) and its application for the removal of nitrates from model-contaminated water. Fe
3
O
4
derived through a coprecipitation method was incorporated into the chitosan matrix which was fabricated in the form of beads. The wet gel beads were then successfully coated with sol–gel-derived silver-doped titanium dioxide sol followed by drying under suitable conditions to get the functional nanocomposite beads. The synthesized functional materials were further characterized for their structural, morphological, and textural features using X-ray diffraction analysis, physical property measurement (PPMS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, UV visible spectroscopy analysis (UV–vis), BET surface area analysis (BET), field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The ternary nanocomposites were further used for the removal of nitrates via adsorption cum photocatalytic reduction technique from the model contaminated water when subjected to an adsorption study under dark conditions and photocatalytic study under UV/visible/sunlight for a definite time. Fe
3
O
4
in the nanocomposite provides enhanced adsorption features whereas the functional coating of titanium dioxide aids in the removal of nitrates through the photocatalytic reduction technique. The functional beads containing 3% Fe
3
O
4
in the wet gel form (CTA-F3) have excellent nitrate removal efficiency of ~ 97% via adsorption cum solar photocatalysis towards the removal of nitrate ions from 50 ppm nitrate solution, whereas the dried nanocomposite beads have got a nitrate removal efficiency of ~ 68% in 1 h from 100 ppm nitrate solution. Continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalytic study was performed further using the oven-dried functional beads in which flow rate and bed height were varied while maintaining the concentration of feed solution as constant. A nitrate removal efficiency of 65% and an adsorption capacity of 4.1 mgg
−1
were obtained for the CTA-F3 beads in the continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalysis experiment for up to 5 h when using an inlet concentration of 100 ppm, bed height 12 cm, and flow rate 5.0 ml min
−1
. A representative fixed-bed column adsorption experiment conducted using CTA-F3 beads for the treatment of a real groundwater sample shows reasonable results for nitrate removal (71.7% efficiency) along with a significant removal rate for the other anions as well. Thus, the novel adsorbent/photocatalyst developed is suitable for the removal of nitrates from water due to the synergistic effect between Fe
3
O
4
, chitosan, and titanium dioxide.</description><subject>adsorbents</subject><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Anions</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Chitosan</subject><subject>Continuous flow</subject><subject>coprecipitation</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental perception</subject><subject>Field emission</subject><subject>Flow rates</subject><subject>Flow velocity</subject><subject>Fourier analysis</subject><subject>Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Functional materials</subject><subject>gels</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater treatment</subject><subject>Infrared analysis</subject><subject>Iron oxides</subject><subject>Nanocomposites</subject><subject>Nitrate removal</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nitrogen removal</subject><subject>Nutrient removal</subject><subject>Photocatalysis</subject><subject>photocatalysts</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Silver</subject><subject>Sol-gel processes</subject><subject>solar radiation</subject><subject>Structure-function relationships</subject><subject>surface area</subject><subject>synergism</subject><subject>Synergistic effect</subject><subject>Titanium</subject><subject>Titanium dioxide</subject><subject>Transmission electron microscopy</subject><subject>ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>Water resources</subject><subject>Water sampling</subject><subject>Water treatment</subject><subject>X-ray diffraction</subject><issn>1614-7499</issn><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkTtPHTEQRq0oKBCSP5AispSGFEv8fqQCIQiRELchteX1enMX7dqL7QXdll-OySUPUZDK1syZb6Q5AHzA6BAjJL9kjCkXDSKsoYxz2shXYA8LzBrJtH79z38XvM35GiGCNJFvwC7VGBFM9R64v4y3foTFp2DTBgYboovTHPNQPDy4Glbk6MzTFWvceigx2_AZ5k0ufoJ9TDAMJdkKJj_FWzvCPsUJ3tVK-gptgLbLMc1liAG6ZYLzOpbobLHjpgwO2nlO0br1O7DT2zH790_vPvhxdnp1ct5crL59Pzm-aBxBTDa8J7QjmrTeS6pkr2TLfC05hoQUWnOqPGpFx2TXKcwEElq2xCrbOtRqp-g-ONjm1rU3i8_FTEN2fhxt8HHJhmJOpdKC6P-jSCkuqFK4op-eoddxqcccHymtNEeC8UqRLeVSzDn53sxpmOrFDUbmUabZyjRVpvkl08g69PEpemkn3_0Z-W2vAnQL5NoKP336u_uF2AfMHKo5</recordid><startdate>20240801</startdate><enddate>20240801</enddate><creator>Venu Sreekala, Smitha</creator><creator>George, Jilsha</creator><creator>Thoppil Ramakrishnan, Resmi</creator><creator>Puthenveedu Sadasivan Pillai, Harikumar</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-0372</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240801</creationdate><title>Novel ternary nanocomposite (TiO2@Fe3O4-chitosan) system for nitrate removal from water: an adsorption cum photocatalytic approach</title><author>Venu Sreekala, Smitha ; George, Jilsha ; Thoppil Ramakrishnan, Resmi ; Puthenveedu Sadasivan Pillai, Harikumar</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2047-5f23d292bee7387f87b4e23dc4067699538e0b6d47dd81460697b2a8abc0b9c83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>adsorbents</topic><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>Anions</topic><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Chitosan</topic><topic>Continuous flow</topic><topic>coprecipitation</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Efficiency</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Environmental perception</topic><topic>Field emission</topic><topic>Flow rates</topic><topic>Flow velocity</topic><topic>Fourier analysis</topic><topic>Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Functional materials</topic><topic>gels</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Groundwater treatment</topic><topic>Infrared analysis</topic><topic>Iron oxides</topic><topic>Nanocomposites</topic><topic>Nitrate removal</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Nitrogen removal</topic><topic>Nutrient removal</topic><topic>Photocatalysis</topic><topic>photocatalysts</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Silver</topic><topic>Sol-gel processes</topic><topic>solar radiation</topic><topic>Structure-function relationships</topic><topic>surface area</topic><topic>synergism</topic><topic>Synergistic effect</topic><topic>Titanium</topic><topic>Titanium dioxide</topic><topic>Transmission electron microscopy</topic><topic>ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water pollution</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><topic>Water resources</topic><topic>Water sampling</topic><topic>Water treatment</topic><topic>X-ray diffraction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Venu Sreekala, Smitha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>George, Jilsha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thoppil Ramakrishnan, Resmi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Puthenveedu Sadasivan Pillai, Harikumar</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Venu Sreekala, Smitha</au><au>George, Jilsha</au><au>Thoppil Ramakrishnan, Resmi</au><au>Puthenveedu Sadasivan Pillai, Harikumar</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Novel ternary nanocomposite (TiO2@Fe3O4-chitosan) system for nitrate removal from water: an adsorption cum photocatalytic approach</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2024-08-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>38</issue><spage>50670</spage><epage>50685</epage><pages>50670-50685</pages><issn>1614-7499</issn><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>Nitrate pollution of water emerging from various anthropogenic activities has become a major environmental concern because of its deleterious effects on natural water resources. The present work deals with the synthesis of the ternary nanocomposite based on chitosan, iron oxide (Fe
3
O
4
), and titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) and its application for the removal of nitrates from model-contaminated water. Fe
3
O
4
derived through a coprecipitation method was incorporated into the chitosan matrix which was fabricated in the form of beads. The wet gel beads were then successfully coated with sol–gel-derived silver-doped titanium dioxide sol followed by drying under suitable conditions to get the functional nanocomposite beads. The synthesized functional materials were further characterized for their structural, morphological, and textural features using X-ray diffraction analysis, physical property measurement (PPMS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, UV visible spectroscopy analysis (UV–vis), BET surface area analysis (BET), field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The ternary nanocomposites were further used for the removal of nitrates via adsorption cum photocatalytic reduction technique from the model contaminated water when subjected to an adsorption study under dark conditions and photocatalytic study under UV/visible/sunlight for a definite time. Fe
3
O
4
in the nanocomposite provides enhanced adsorption features whereas the functional coating of titanium dioxide aids in the removal of nitrates through the photocatalytic reduction technique. The functional beads containing 3% Fe
3
O
4
in the wet gel form (CTA-F3) have excellent nitrate removal efficiency of ~ 97% via adsorption cum solar photocatalysis towards the removal of nitrate ions from 50 ppm nitrate solution, whereas the dried nanocomposite beads have got a nitrate removal efficiency of ~ 68% in 1 h from 100 ppm nitrate solution. Continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalytic study was performed further using the oven-dried functional beads in which flow rate and bed height were varied while maintaining the concentration of feed solution as constant. A nitrate removal efficiency of 65% and an adsorption capacity of 4.1 mgg
−1
were obtained for the CTA-F3 beads in the continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalysis experiment for up to 5 h when using an inlet concentration of 100 ppm, bed height 12 cm, and flow rate 5.0 ml min
−1
. A representative fixed-bed column adsorption experiment conducted using CTA-F3 beads for the treatment of a real groundwater sample shows reasonable results for nitrate removal (71.7% efficiency) along with a significant removal rate for the other anions as well. Thus, the novel adsorbent/photocatalyst developed is suitable for the removal of nitrates from water due to the synergistic effect between Fe
3
O
4
, chitosan, and titanium dioxide.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>39102139</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-024-34553-7</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-0372</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1614-7499 |
| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2024-08, Vol.31 (38), p.50670-50685 |
| issn | 1614-7499 0944-1344 1614-7499 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Springer Nature:Jisc Collections:Springer Nature Read and Publish 2023-2025: Springer Reading List |
| subjects | adsorbents Adsorption Anions Anthropogenic factors Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Chitosan Continuous flow coprecipitation Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Efficiency Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental perception Field emission Flow rates Flow velocity Fourier analysis Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Fourier transforms Functional materials gels Groundwater Groundwater treatment Infrared analysis Iron oxides Nanocomposites Nitrate removal Nitrates Nitrogen removal Nutrient removal Photocatalysis photocatalysts Research Article Scanning electron microscopy Silver Sol-gel processes solar radiation Structure-function relationships surface area synergism Synergistic effect Titanium Titanium dioxide Transmission electron microscopy ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy Waste Water Technology Water analysis Water Management Water pollution Water Pollution Control Water resources Water sampling Water treatment X-ray diffraction |
| title | Novel ternary nanocomposite (TiO2@Fe3O4-chitosan) system for nitrate removal from water: an adsorption cum photocatalytic approach |
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