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Syntheses of 3‑(2-Nitrovinyl)-indoles, Benzo[a]carbazoles, Naphtho[2,1‑a]carbazoles, and 1‑Hydroxy-β-carbolines Lead to Identification of Antiproliferative Compounds Active under Hypoxia

Herein, we describe a novel reaction between C-2-substituted indoles and 2-nitroacetophenones leading to a variety of indole-containing heterocyclic scaffolds. At 60 °C in AcOH with H2SO4 as catalyst, C-2 aryl indoles give 3-(2-nitrovinyl)-indoles with high Z or E geometric selectivity depending on...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of organic chemistry 2024-10, Vol.89 (19), p.13923-13936
Main Authors: Arutiunov, Nikolai A., Edvall, Connor, Aksenov, Alexander V., Aksenov, Dmitrii A., Kurenkov, Igor A., Aksenova, Inna V., Zatsepilina, Anna M., Aksenov, Nicolai A., Mallik, Sanku, Kornienko, Alexander
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Language:English
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Summary:Herein, we describe a novel reaction between C-2-substituted indoles and 2-nitroacetophenones leading to a variety of indole-containing heterocyclic scaffolds. At 60 °C in AcOH with H2SO4 as catalyst, C-2 aryl indoles give 3-(2-nitrovinyl)-indoles with high Z or E geometric selectivity depending on the type of substrate utilized. These compounds undergo an electrocyclization process in a sealed vial in a microwave apparatus in DMF at 250 °C to give benzo­[a]­carbazoles and naphtho­[2,1-a]­carbazoles depending on whether the C-2 aromatic moiety is phenyl or naphthyl. Utilization of 2-methylindoles in the reaction with 2-nitroacetophenones and performing the reaction in a sealed vial in a microwave apparatus in AcOH at 200 °C leads to 1-hydroxy-β-carbolines. Selected compounds from each scaffold were tested for antiproliferative activities against MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and three compounds belonging to the 3-(2-nitrovinyl)-indole and 1-hydroxy-β-carboline series were identified to have single-digit micromolar IC50 values.
ISSN:0022-3263
1520-6904
1520-6904
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.4c01028