Exploring the chemical composition of granola formulated with different sweeteners and produced via oven and microwave baking

• Published in: Journal of food science 2024-10, Vol.89 (10), p.6455-6464
• Main Authors: Erdoğan, Selma Lubabe, Çetintaş, Yunus, Tekgül Barut, Yeliz, Süfer, Özge, Çalışkan Koç, Gülşah, Yüksel, Ayşe Nur
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: agave syrup; Baking; breakfast; Breakfast cereals; cereal; Chemical composition; Citric acid; Fatty acid composition; Ferulic acid; food science; fructose; granola; honey; Hydroxymethylfurfural; Linoleic acid; Malic acid; Maltose; Monosaccharides; Organic acids; ovens; Phenols; Propyl gallate; pyrocatechol; Quality management; Stevia; sugar content; sweetener; Sweeteners; Vanillic acid; Vanillin
• ISSN: 0022-1147; 1750-3841; 1750-3841
• DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17364

The objective of this study was to create and characterize an innovative granola, a popular choice in quick breakfasts. The granola samples were sweetened with agave syrup (A), honey (H), and stevia (S) and produced using conventional oven (1) and microwave (2) baking techniques at temperatures of 160°C and 300 W, respectively. Among the samples, H1 exhibited the highest total sugar content (26.64 ng/µL), with fructose being the predominant monosaccharide in A and H samples, whereas saccharose and maltose were more prominent in S‐containing samples. Hydroxymethylfurfural was absent in S2, but its concentrations ranged between 10.52 and 85.78 ppm in the other samples. Linoleic acid constituted nearly 52% of the fatty acid composition in all granolas. In terms of organic acid composition, malic acid ranged between 1189.55 and 2022.95 µg/mL, and citric acid fell within the range of 341.58 and 1824.04 µg/mL. The granola specimens also contained individual phenolic compounds, such as vanillic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, propyl gallate, and pyrocatechol. Practical Application This study demonstrates that both baking method and sweetener choice significantly impact the chemical quality attributes of granola, which is a popular breakfast cereal. Microwave baking can be a faster and potentially healthier option, whereas stevia offers a low‐calorie sweetener alternative. Further research is needed to maximize health benefits of granola products.