A method for defining dispersed community territories

• Published in: Journal of archaeological science 2024-10, Vol.170, p.106048, Article 106048
• Main Authors: Vernon, Kenneth B., Ortman, Scott G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aggregation; algorithms; arable soils; archaeology; Community detection; Complex systems; Core-based statistical area; Least-cost path analysis; Population density
• ISSN: 0305-4403
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106048

The transition from dispersed to aggregated forms of settlement reflects a critical shift in the relative value of social and primary (food) modes of production. However, investigating trade-offs between these different forms of settlement requires estimates of the extent of community territories, including their nearby arable land. Here we demonstrate a simple algorithm to do that. Our algorithm is analogous to that used to define core-based statistical areas for the US census, though instead of central business districts, we rely on community centers (or areas of known and persistent interaction between unrelated individuals). We provide examples of our algorithm by applying it to archaeological sites in the central Mesa Verde, northern Rio Grande, and Cibola regions in the US Southwest. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to demonstrate how each tuning parameter contributes to the algorithm. •The paper introduces a novel clustering algorithm for defining the boundaries of dispersed subsistence farming communities.•The algorithm draws inspiration from US Office of Management and Budget method for defining Core Based Statistical Areas.•The algorithm relies on the distinction between community centers and dispersed farmsteads.•The algorithm leverages site size to determine when to join two communities.•Case studies are provided by applications to three high resolution archaeological datasets in the US Southwest.