Methanolic extract of wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L.) prevents BPA-induced disruptions in the ovarian steroidogenic pathway and alleviates uterine inflammation in Wistar rats

• Published in: 3 Biotech 2024-12, Vol.14 (12), p.310-310, Article 310
• Main Authors: Barman, Ananya, Ghosh, Angshita, Kar, Tarun Kumar, Chattopdhyay, Sandip
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: adults; Agriculture; Androgen receptors; androgens; antioxidants; apigenin; B-cell lymphoma; BAX protein; Bcl-2 protein; Bcl-x protein; Bioinformatics; Biomaterials; Biotechnology; Bisphenol A; Cancer Research; Catechin; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Effectiveness; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; estrous cycle; Estrus cycle; Gene expression; Gonadotropins; inflammation; Ingestion; Lymphocytes B; Molecular interactions; NF-κB protein; Original Article; Ovaries; p53 Protein; Pituitary (anterior); Proteins; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Real time; Reproductive organs; Stem Cells; Triticum aestivum; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; uterine tissue; Uterus; weight gain
• ISSN: 2190-572X; 2190-5738
• DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04117-0

The present study examined the anti-inflammatory and functional improvement of the uterus and ovary, respectively, in bisphenol-A (BPA)-fed adult Wistar rats following the ingestion of methanolic extract of wheatgrass (WG-ME). Four groups of rats were conditioned as vehicle-treated control, BPA-treated (100 mg/kg b.w.), BPA + WG-ME (100 mg BPA/kg b.w. + 200 mg WG-ME/kg b.w.), and WG-ME (200 mg/kg b.w.) groups. The LC–MS study confirmed the presence of numerous bioactive components in WG-ME. ELISA, PAGE, real-time PCR, and immunohistostaining were executed to test the efficacy of WG-ME against BPA. WG-ME was shown to induce significant weight gain of the uterus and ovaries as well as improve the estrous cycle and antioxidant status. WG-ME effectively suppressed the mRNA expression of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B). This extract also increased the expression of the antiapoptotic factor BCL2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) in the uterine tissue of rats administered BPA while impeding the abnormal expression of the tumor proteins p53, cylcin-D1, and BAX (BCL2-associated protein X). An enhanced steroidogenic event was supported by improved gonadotropins and reproductive hormone levels, feeble signaling of androgen receptors, and improved ovarian follicular growth with a distinct appearance of granulosa layer as well as better uterine histomorphology. The abundance of apigenin and catechin compounds in WG-ME may potentiate the above effects. The molecular interaction study predicted that apigenin inhibits TNF-α by interacting with its major site. Hence, WG-ME may exert its preventive efficacy in managing the functional imbalance of reproductive organs caused by BPA.