Adverse effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on hatching rate, morphological alterations, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression in golden apple snail eggs

• Published in: Aquatic toxicology 2024-12, Vol.277, p.107162, Article 107162
• Main Authors: Nanthanawat, Phochit, Insuwan, Wilaiporn, Prasatkaew, Witchuda, Nanuam, Jakkaphun, Meemon, Panomsak, Thanomsit, Chutima
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylcholinesterase - genetics; Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism; Animals; biomarkers; ELISA; Embryo, Nonmammalian - drug effects; exposure duration; Glycine - analogs & derivatives; Glycine - toxicity; Glyphosate; Herbicide; Herbicides - toxicity; molecular weight; narcolepsy; OCT; Ovum - drug effects; phosphorus; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; Pomacea canaliculata; snails; Snails - drug effects; Snails - genetics; Sudan dyes; tomography; toxicity; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity; Western blotting
• ISSN: 0166-445X; 1879-1514; 1879-1514
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107162

•The adverse effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on hatching rate, morphological changes, and AChE expression in golden apple snails were investigated and reported.•OCT analysis effectively studied depth-resolved in vivo morphological changes in eggs and embryos post-exposure to glyphosate.•Golden apple snail eggs contain important proteins with four isoforms: Perivitellin 2 (98, 67, and 31 kDa) and Ovorubin (28 kDa).•AChE extracted from golden apple snails can be partially purified using column chromatography, and its dependence on exposure time and concentration was studied.•GC–MS analysis revealed major bioactive components with pharmaceutical properties in golden apple snail eggs. This research investigated the effects of glyphosate herbicide on golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) eggs, focusing on hatching rates, morphological changes, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression to explore its potential as a biomarker of exposure. Additionally, key bioactive components in golden apple snail eggs were characterized. The study demonstrated that glyphosate toxicity increased with both exposure time and concentration. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis revealed adverse morphological effects on eggs and embryos, including changes in shell structure and organ development. SDS-PAGE analysis identified four main protein bands, including Perivitellin 2 in three isoforms (98, 67, and 31 kDa) and Ovorubin (28 kDa). Lipids, phosphorus, and carbohydrates were identified as key components through Sudan Black B, Methyl Green, and Alcian Blue staining. AChE, with a molecular weight of 71 kDa, was further analyzed by Western blot, showing decreased expression with prolonged and higher concentrations of glyphosate exposure. GC–MS analysis identified major bioactive compounds in untreated eggs, including 3-Fluoro-β, 5-dihydroxy-N-methylbenzeneethanamine, 2-Aziridinylethylamine, and dextroamphetamine, which have pharmaceutical properties such as anti-hypertensive, diuretic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as potential applications in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. These compounds were present at lower levels in glyphosate-exposed groups, suggesting glyphosate's impact on the eggs' biochemical defense mechanisms. This study highlights the potential effects of glyphosate on golden apple snail eggs, which may have implications for future snail populations and aquatic ecosystems. [Display omitted]