Abundance and possibilities of crAssphage and PMMoV as a viral indicator in raw sewage in wastewater treatment plants

Given their abundance in human fecal samples, crAssphage and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) are proposed as indicators for human enteric viruses. This study measured crAssphage and PMMoV in raw sewage samples (n = 24) between June 2014 and May 2015 from two wastewater treatment facilities in south...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Science of the total environment 2025-02, Vol.963, p.178101, Article 178101
Main Authors: Djoulissa, Louis-Jean, Tandukar, Sarmila, Schmitz, Bradley W., Innes, Gabriel K., Gerba, Charles P., Pepper, Ian L., Sherchan, Samendra P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arizona
Bacteriophages - isolation & purification
crAssphage
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Human enteric viruses
Humans
PMMoV
Raw sewage
Seasons
Sewage - virology
Tobamovirus - genetics
Tobamovirus - isolation & purification
Waste Disposal, Fluid
Wastewater
Wastewater - virology
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Summary:Given their abundance in human fecal samples, crAssphage and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) are proposed as indicators for human enteric viruses. This study measured crAssphage and PMMoV in raw sewage samples (n = 24) between June 2014 and May 2015 from two wastewater treatment facilities in southern Arizona, USA. Both crAssphage and PMMoV were detected in nearly 100% of samples. The greatest incidence of crAssphage typically occurred during late-winter to spring seasons, as concentrations reached 8.63 and 8.38 log10 copies/L in May and February. Meanwhile, PMMoV was significantly (p 
ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178101