Effect of mechanical and antiseptic therapy on peri-implant mucositis: an experimental study in monkeys

• Published in: Clinical oral implants research 2006-06, Vol.17 (3), p.294-304
• Main Authors: Trejo, Pedro M., Bonaventura, Gina, Weng, Ditmar, Caffesse, Raul G., Bragger, Urs, Lang, Niklaus P.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local - administration & dosage; Anti-Infective Agents, Local - therapeutic use; chlorhexidine; Chlorhexidine - administration & dosage; Chlorhexidine - therapeutic use; Cynomolgus; dental implants; Dental Implants - adverse effects; Dental Materials - chemistry; Dental Plaque - complications; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Scaling; Gels; Gingival Recession - pathology; Gingival Recession - prevention & control; Gingivitis - pathology; Gingivitis - prevention & control; Macaca fascicularis; Mandible - surgery; mucous membrane; peri-implant mucositis; Periodontal Attachment Loss - pathology; Periodontal Attachment Loss - prevention & control; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket - pathology; Periodontal Pocket - prevention & control; Periodontitis - pathology; Periodontitis - prevention & control; Random Allocation; Therapeutic Irrigation; therapeutic use; Titanium - chemistry; treatment
• ISSN: 0905-7161; 1600-0501
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01226.x

Objectives: This experiment was performed to evaluate clinically and histologically the effect of mechanical therapy with or without antiseptic therapy on peri‐implant mucositis lesions in nine cynomolgus monkeys. Material and methods: Two ITI titanium implants were inserted into each side of the mandibles. After 90 days of plaque control and soft tissue healing, a baseline clinical examination was completed. Peri‐implant lesions were induced by placing silk ligatures and allowing plaque to accumulate for 6 weeks. The clinical examination was then repeated, and the monkeys were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: group A, mechanical cleansing only; group B, mechanical cleansing and local irrigation with 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and application of 0.2% CHX gel; and group C, control, no treatment. The implants in treatment groups A and B were treated and maintained according to the assigned treatment for two additional months. At the end of the maintenance period, a final clinical examination was performed and the animals were sacrificed for biopsies. Results: The mean probing depths (PD) values at mucositis were: 3.5, 3.7, and 3.4 mm, and clinical attachment level (CAL)=3.8, 4.1, and 3.9 mm for treatment groups A, B and C, respectively. The corresponding values after treatment were: PD=1.7, 2.1, and 2.5 mm, and CAL=2.6, 2.6, and 3.1 mm. ANOVA of mean changes (Δ) in PD and CAL after treatment showed no statistical difference between the treatment groups. Comparison of the mean changes in PD and CAL after treatment yielded statistical differences between the control and treatment groups P