Anthropogenic effects on the subsurface thermal and groundwater environments in Osaka, Japan and Bangkok, Thailand

Anthropogenic effects in both Osaka and Bangkok were evaluated to compare the relationships between subsurface environment and the development stage of both cities. Subsurface thermal anomalies due to heat island effects were found in both cities. The Surface Warming Index (SWI), the departure depth...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Science of the total environment 2009-04, Vol.407 (9), p.3153-3164
Main Authors: Taniguchi, Makoto, Shimada, Jun, Fukuda, Yoichi, Yamano, Makoto, Onodera, Shin-ichi, Kaneko, Shinji, Yoshikoshi, Akihisa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Asia
Asian cities
Cities
Environment
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Environmental Pollution - adverse effects
Fresh Water
Geological Phenomena
Greenhouse Effect
Groundwater depression
Groundwater pumping
Heat island effect
Humans
Hydrogeology
Subsidence
Subsurface environment
Urbanization - trends
Water Supply
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Summary:Anthropogenic effects in both Osaka and Bangkok were evaluated to compare the relationships between subsurface environment and the development stage of both cities. Subsurface thermal anomalies due to heat island effects were found in both cities. The Surface Warming Index (SWI), the departure depth from the steady geothermal gradient, was used as an indicator of the heat island effect. SWI increases (deeper) with the magnitude of heat island effect and the elapsed time starting from the surface warming. Distributions of subsurface thermal anomalies due to the heat island effect agreed well with the distribution of changes in air temperature due to the same process, which is described by the distribution of population density in both Osaka and Bangkok. Different time lags between groundwater depression and subsidence in the two cities was found. This is attributed to differences in hydrogeologic characters, such as porosity and hydraulic conductivity. We find that differences in subsurface degradations in Osaka and Bangkok, including subsurface thermal anomalies, groundwater depression, and land subsidence, depends on the difference of the development stage of urbanization and hydrogeological characters.
ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.064