Experimental Characterization of the Outdoor MIMO Wireless Channel Temporal Variation

Time-variant multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels are measured in an outdoor campus environment at 2.45 GHz with directional patch arrays and omnidirectional monopole arrays. A number of useful metrics are proposed for quantifying time variation in MIMO channels: eigenvalue level crossing...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on vehicular technology 2007-05, Vol.56 (3), p.1041-1049
Main Authors: Wallace, Jon W., Jensen, Michael A., Gummalla, Ajay, Lee, Harry B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allocations
Arrays
Channel state information
Channels
Delay effects
Deviation
Eigenvalues
Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions
Information theory
MIMO
Mobile communication
Modulation
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems
Narrowband
Outdoor
Propagation losses
Time measurement
Time-varying channels
Wavelength measurement
Wavelengths
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Summary:Time-variant multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels are measured in an outdoor campus environment at 2.45 GHz with directional patch arrays and omnidirectional monopole arrays. A number of useful metrics are proposed for quantifying time variation in MIMO channels: eigenvalue level crossing rate, eigenvector angular deviation, and capacity loss for delayed transmit and receive channel state information (CSI). Measurements in four different environments confirm the strong correlation between angular spread of multipath and MIMO channel time variability. The rate of time variation is also strongly influenced by the type of array, indicating that directional elements may be advantageous for highly mobile environments. The proposed metrics indicate that although the physical communication layer may need to update CSI several times per wavelength, the required rate of adaptation in transmit rate, modulation, and power allocation is much less severe.
ISSN:0018-9545
1939-9359
DOI:10.1109/TVT.2007.895599