Household wood heater usage and indoor leakage of BTEX in Launceston, Australia: A null result

• Published in: Atmospheric environment (1994) 2009-06, Vol.43 (17), p.2788-2795
• Main Authors: Galbally, Ian E., Gillett, Robert W., Powell, Jennifer C., Lawson, Sarah J., Bentley, Simon T., Weeks, Ian A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Atmospheric pollution; BTEX; Exact sciences and technology; Heaters; Heating equipment; Households; Houses; Indoor; Indoor air pollution; Indoor pollution and occupational exposure; Pollution; Smoke; Smoke leakage; Winter; Wood; Wood heater; Wood smoke
• ISSN: 1352-2310; 1873-2844
• DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.035

A study has been conducted in Launceston, Australia, to determine within households with wood heaters the effect of leakage from the heater and flue on the indoor air concentrations of the pollutants: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX). The study involved three classes: 28 households without wood heaters, 19 households with wood heaters compliant with the relevant Australian Standard and 30 households with non-compliant wood heaters. Outdoor and indoor BTEX concentrations were measured in each household for 7 days during summer when there was little or no wood heater usage, and for 7 days during winter when there was widespread wood heater usage. Each participant kept a household activity diary throughout their sampling periods. For wintertime, there were no significant differences of the indoor BTEX concentrations between the three classes of households. Also there were no significant relationships between BTEX indoor concentrations within houses and several measures of the amount of wood heater use within these houses. For the households sampled in this study, the use of a wood heater within a house did not lead to BTEX release within that house and had no direct detectable influence on the concentrations of BTEX within the house. We propose that the pressure differences associated with the both the leakiness or permeability of the building envelope and the draught of the wood heater have key roles in determining whether there will be backflow of smoke from the wood heater into the house. For a leaky house with a well maintained wood heater there should be no backflow of smoke from the wood heater into the house. However backflow of smoke may occur in well sealed houses. The study also found that wood heater emissions raise the outdoor concentrations of BTEX in winter in Launceston and through the mixing of outdoor air through the building envelopes into the houses, these emissions contribute to increases in the indoor concentrations of BTEX in winter in all houses in Launceston.