Oxidation of FeCrAl foils at 500-900 deg C in dry O2 and O2 with 40% H2O

• Published in: Materials at high temperatures 2009-02, Vol.26 (2), p.199-210
• Main Authors: Engkvist, J, Canovic, S, Liu, F, Gotlind, H, Svensson, J-E, Johansson, L-G, Olsson, M, Halvarsson, M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0960-3409
• DOI: 10.3184/096034009X464311

High temperature resistant FeCrAl alloys are frequently used in high temperature applications such as heating elements and metal based catalytic converter bodies. When exposed to high temperatures an adherent, slowly growing, dense aluminium oxide layer forms on the surface, which protects the underlying alloy from severe degradation. The composition, structure and properties of the formed oxide layer are strongly dependent on the alloy composition, temperature and oxidation environment. In this study, the Sandvik 0C404 FeCrAl alloy, in the form of 50 mum thick foils, was exposed isothermally in the temperature range 500-900 deg C for 168 hours in dry O2 and in O2 with 40vol.% H2O. The surface morphology, composition and microstructure of the grown oxide scales were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The oxidation process was faster at 900 deg C than at 500 and 700 deg C. At 500 deg C a thin (10-20 nm) mixed oxide of Fe, Cr and Al was formed. Exposure at 700 deg C resulted in a similar (40-50 nm) duplex oxide, in both dry O2 and in O2 with 40vol.% H2O. These oxide scales consisted of an inner and an outer relatively pure alumina separated by a Cr-rich band. This type of duplex oxide scale also formed at 900 deg C with a thin inward growing alpha-Al2O3 at the oxide/metal interface and an outward growing layer outside a Cr-rich band. However, at 900 deg C the outward growing layer showed two types of oxide morphologies; a thin smooth base oxide and a much thicker nodular oxide grown on top of substrate ridges. In dry O2 atmosphere, the main part of this outward growing layer had transformed to alpha-Al2O3. Only in the outer part of the thick oxide nodules, metastable alumina was found. When exposed in the presence of water vapour the main part of the metastable alumina remained untransformed.