Fragile watermarking using finite field trigonometrical transforms

Fragile digital watermarking has been applied for authentication and alteration detection in images. Utilizing the cosine and Hartley transforms over finite fields, a new transform domain fragile watermarking scheme is introduced. A watermark is embedded into a host image via a blockwise application...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Signal processing. Image communication 2009-08, Vol.24 (7), p.587-597
Main Authors: Cintra, R.J., Dimitrov, V.S., de Oliveira, H.M., Campello de Souza, R.M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Cryptography
Exact sciences and technology
Finite field trigonometry
Fragile watermarking
Information, signal and communications theory
Number theoretic transforms
Signal and communications theory
Telecommunications and information theory
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Summary:Fragile digital watermarking has been applied for authentication and alteration detection in images. Utilizing the cosine and Hartley transforms over finite fields, a new transform domain fragile watermarking scheme is introduced. A watermark is embedded into a host image via a blockwise application of two-dimensional finite field cosine or Hartley transforms. Additionally, the considered finite field transforms are adjusted to be number theoretic transforms, appropriate for error-free calculation. The employed technique can provide invisible fragile watermarking for authentication systems with tamper location capability. It is shown that the choice of the finite field characteristic is pivotal to obtain perceptually invisible watermarked images. It is also shown that the generated watermarked images can be used as publicly available signature data for authentication purposes.
ISSN:0923-5965
1879-2677
DOI:10.1016/j.image.2009.04.003