Measurement of Ionospheric Faraday Rotation in Simulated and Real Spaceborne SAR Data

The influence of the atmosphere on a frequency-modulated electromagnetic wave traversing the ionosphere is becoming increasingly important for recent and upcoming low-frequency and wide-bandwidth spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. The ionized ionosphere induces Faraday rotation (FR)...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing 2009-05, Vol.47 (5), p.1512-1523
Main Authors: Jehle, M., Ruegg, M., Zuberbuhler, L., Small, D., Meier, E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR)
Applied geophysics
Atmosphere
Atmospheres
Atmospheric measurements
Atmospheric modeling
Computer simulation
Delay
Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
Faraday rotation (FR)
Frequency
Internal geophysics
Ionosphere
Phased arrays
Radar
Radar polarimetry
Raw
Rotation measurement
SAR processing
Spaceborne radar
Synthetic aperture radar
synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
total electron content (TEC)
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Summary:The influence of the atmosphere on a frequency-modulated electromagnetic wave traversing the ionosphere is becoming increasingly important for recent and upcoming low-frequency and wide-bandwidth spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. The ionized ionosphere induces Faraday rotation (FR) at these frequencies that affects radar polarimetry and causes signal path delays resulting in a reduced range resolution. The work at hand introduces a simulation model of SAR signals passing through the atmosphere, including both frequency-dependent FR and path delays. Based on simulation results from this model [proven with real Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) data], estimation of FR in quad-polarized SAR data using the given approach is shown for raw, range-compressed, and focused radar images. Path delays and signal chirp bandwidth effects are considered. Investigations discuss the suitability of raw and compressed data versus combination of total electron content maps with the Earth's magnetic field for FR estimation and deduced from a large number of analyzed PALSAR data sets.
ISSN:0196-2892
1558-0644
DOI:10.1109/TGRS.2008.2004710