Equilibrium Exchange Rate Hedging

• Published in: The Journal of finance (New York) 1990-07, Vol.45 (3), p.899-907
• Main Author: BLACK, FISCHER
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Currency; Equilibrium; Exchange rates; Financial portfolios; Fractions; Hedging; Investment risk; Investors; Market portfolios; Paradoxes; Return on investment
• ISSN: 0022-1082; 1540-6261
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1990.tb05111.x

We assume a world like the one that gives the capital asset pricing model, but with many goods and many countries. We assume that investors in a given country have homothetic utility functions with the same weights, and a currency that has a sure end-of-period value using a price index with those weights. Siegel's paradox (derived from Jensen's inequality) makes investors want a positive amount of exchange risk. When average risk tolerance is the same across countries, every investor will hold the same mix of market risk (through the world market portfolio of all assets) and exchange risk (in a diversified basket of foreign currencies). In fact, the ratio of exchange risk to market risk is equal to the average investor's risk tolerance. We can write the ratio of exchange risk to market risk (and the fraction of the market's exchange risk that investors hedge) as depending on an average of world market risk premia, an average of world market volatilities, and an average of exchange rate volatilities. The weights in these averages are the same as the weights of the different countries in the currency basket. Given these averages, the ratio (and the fraction hedged) will not depend directly on exchange rate means or covariances. In equilibrium, we can use the ratio of exchange risk to market risk to measure average risk tolerance: in this model, risk tolerance is observable.