The early development of music. Analysis of the Jiahu bone flutes

The authors present the musical properties of well-preserved bone flutes recently recovered from Jiahu, an early Neolithic site in central China with a sequence beginning in the seventh millennium BC (Antiquity 77: 31–44). Tonal analyses of five of the flutes indicate a gradual development from four...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Antiquity 2004-12, Vol.78 (302), p.769-778
Main Authors: Zhang, Juzhong, Xiao, Xinghua, Lee, Yun Kuen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiquity
Archaeology
Bone industry
China
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Flute
Geological time
History
Material culture
Methodology and general studies
Music
Musical instruments
Neolithic
Neolithic Age
Pitch
Prehistory and protohistory
Sound
Typology, technology and attribute analysis
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Summary:The authors present the musical properties of well-preserved bone flutes recently recovered from Jiahu, an early Neolithic site in central China with a sequence beginning in the seventh millennium BC (Antiquity 77: 31–44). Tonal analyses of five of the flutes indicate a gradual development from four-tone to seven-tone scale. By adding more holes to the pipe, structuring the pitch intervals closer to each other, and by alternating the keynote, the prehistoric musicians could play increasingly expressive and varied music. In addition, the flutes became progressively standardised in pitch, presumably so they could play in harmony. The study shows that the Jiahu flute makers and their musicians became progressively familiar with acoustics and developed a cognitive scheme of music comparable to that of modern times.
ISSN:0003-598X
1745-1744
DOI:10.1017/S0003598X00113432