Nicotine dependence is associated with compulsive alcohol craving

• Published in: Addiction (Abingdon, England) England), 2006-06, Vol.101 (6), p.892-897
• Main Authors: Hillemacher, Thomas, Bayerlein, Kristina, Wilhelm, Julia, Frieling, Helge, Thürauf, Norbert, Ziegenbein, Marc, Kornhuber, Johannes, Bleich, Stefan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Addiction; Addictive behaviors; Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Aged; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcoholics; Alcoholism; Alcoholism - complications; Alcoholism - psychology; Alcoholism and acute alcohol poisoning; Biological and medical sciences; compulsion; Compulsive Behavior - psychology; Craving; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Obsessive Behavior; OCDS; orbitofrontal cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Public health; Smoking; Social problems; Substance abuse; Tobacco smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder - complications; Tobacco Use Disorder - psychology; Toxicology
• ISSN: 0965-2140; 1360-0443
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01442.x

ABSTRACT Aims  To investigate a possible association of nicotine dependence and alcohol craving. Design  A prospective cross‐sectional study on patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence. Setting  Detoxification unit of a regional psychiatric hospital. Participants  A total of 127 smoking male patients were included in the study at admission for detoxification from alcohol. Measurements  The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to assess the severity of nicotine dependence while the Obsessive Compulsive Craving Scale (OCDS) was used to measure alcohol craving. The OCDS was assessed at admission and after 7 days of withdrawal treatment, distinguishing the total score, the obsessive and the compulsive subscale. Findings  Spearman’s correlation revealed a significant association between the extent of alcohol craving and the FTND score (day 0, n = 127: OCDS total score r = 0.238, P = 0.007; OCDS compulsive score r = 0.280, P = 0.001; day 7; n = 94: OCDS total score r = 0.212, P = 0.040; OCDS compulsive score r = 0.225, P = 0.029). Conclusions  The severity of nicotine dependence is associated with higher craving in alcohol‐dependent patients. These results point towards shared pathophysiological mechanisms in alcohol craving and nicotine addiction.