Toward a Fuller Conception of Machismo: Development of a Traditional Machismo and Caballerismo Scale

Machismo is an important concept describing men's behavior in Mexican culture, yet it is not well-defined. Most conceptions of machismo focus on a restricted, negative view of hypermasculinity. The authors posit that a fuller conception consists of 2 parts: traditional machismo and caballerismo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of counseling psychology 2008-01, Vol.55 (1), p.19-33
Main Authors: Arciniega, G. Miguel, Anderson, Thomas C, Tovar-Blank, Zoila G, Tracey, Terence J. G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aggression
Antisocial Behavior
Behavior
Coping
Coping Behavior
Educational Attainment
Emotions
Ethnic Identity
Ethnicity
Gender roles
Hispanic Americans
Hispanic culture
Human
Machismo
Male
Males
Masculinity
Measures (Individuals)
Men
Mexican Americans
Mexican people
Mexicans
Problem Solving
Psychological aspects
Scores
Sex Roles
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Summary:Machismo is an important concept describing men's behavior in Mexican culture, yet it is not well-defined. Most conceptions of machismo focus on a restricted, negative view of hypermasculinity. The authors posit that a fuller conception consists of 2 parts: traditional machismo and caballerismo, which is a focus on emotional connectedness. The authors developed a scale to measure these dimensions and found support for these 2 independent factors in 2 separate studies of Mexican American men. Traditional Machismo was related to aggression and antisocial behavior, greater levels of alexithymia, and more wishful thinking as a coping mechanism. Caballerismo was positively associated with affiliation, ethnic identity, and problem-solving coping. Traditional Machismo was also associated with less education, whereas there were no differences across education level on Caballerismo scores. These results support the more complete, two-dimensional representation of machismo.
ISSN:0022-0167
1939-2168
DOI:10.1037/0022-0167.55.1.19