Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences

It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in mental toughness among athletes of different: (a) achievement level, (b) gender, (c) age, (d) sporting experience, and (e) sport type (team vs. individual and contact vs. non-contact sports). Participants were 677 athletes and consis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Personality and individual differences 2009-07, Vol.47 (1), p.73-75
Main Authors: Nicholls, Adam R., Polman, Remco C.J., Levy, Andrew R., Backhouse, Susan H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Achievement level
Age
Applied psychology
Athletes
Biological and medical sciences
Chronological age
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gender
Gender differences
Hardiness
Mental toughness
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Skill
Sports
Sports. Leisure
Talent
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Summary:It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in mental toughness among athletes of different: (a) achievement level, (b) gender, (c) age, (d) sporting experience, and (e) sport type (team vs. individual and contact vs. non-contact sports). Participants were 677 athletes and consisted of sports performers competing at international ( n = 60), national ( n = 99), county ( n = 198), club/university ( n = 289), and beginner ( n = 31) levels. Results revealed a significant relationship between mental toughness and gender, age, and sporting experience. However, achievement level and the type of sport an athlete participated in was not significantly associated with mental toughness.
ISSN:0191-8869
1873-3549
DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.006