Factors associated with incarceration and incident human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injection drug users participating in an HIV vaccine trial in Bangkok, Thailand, 1999-2003

• Published in: Addiction (Abingdon, England) England), 2009-02, Vol.104 (2), p.235-242
• Main Authors: Suntharasamai, Pravan, Martin, Michael, Vanichseni, Suphak, Van Griensven, Frits, Mock, Philip A., Pitisuttithum, Punnee, Tappero, Jordan W., Sangkum, Udomsak, Kitayaporn, Dwip, Gurwith, Marc, Choopanya, Kachit
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Addictive behaviors; Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; AIDS Vaccines - administration & dosage; Amphetamine-Related Disorders - epidemiology; Amphetamine-Related Disorders - rehabilitation; Biological and medical sciences; Clinical trials; Double-Blind Method; Drug abuse; Drug addiction; Female; HIV; HIV infection; HIV Infections - epidemiology; HIV Infections - prevention & control; HIV Infections - transmission; HIV vaccine trial; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human viral diseases; Humans; Immunodeficiencies; Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies; Immunopathology; Imprisonment; incarceration; Infectious diseases; injection drug users; Intravenous drug addicts; jail; Male; Medical sciences; Methadone - therapeutic use; Middle Aged; Narcotics; Needle Sharing; prison; Prisoners - statistics & numerical data; Prisons; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Risk behaviour; Risk Factors; Thailand; Thailand - epidemiology; Vaccines; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0965-2140; 1360-0443
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02436.x

ABSTRACT Aims  To determine if incarceration was associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and identify risk factors for incarceration among injection drug users (IDUs) participating in an HIV vaccine trial in Bangkok. Design  The AIDSVAX B/E HIV vaccine trial was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. A proportional hazards model was used to evaluate demographic characteristics, risk behavior and incarceration as predictors of HIV infection and generalized estimation equation logistic regression analysis to investigate demographic characteristics and risk behaviors for predictors of incarceration. Setting  The trial was conducted in Bangkok Metropolitan Administration drug‐treatment clinics, 1999–2003. Participants  A total of 2546 HIV‐uninfected IDUs enrolled in the trial. Measurements  HIV testing was performed and an interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to assess risk behavior and incarceration at baseline and every 6 months for a total of 36 months. Findings  HIV incidence was 3.4 per 100 person‐years [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.0–3.9] and did not differ among vaccine and placebo recipients. In multivariable analysis, being in jail (P