Clientalism, Lebanon: Roots and Trends

In this history of clientelism in Lebanon, it is shown that clientelism is firmly rooted in the Lebanese political system, despite the establishment of modern Lebanon. It has evolved from the traditional form of feudal or patrimonial clientelism to clientelistic brokerage forms. Four new types of cl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Middle Eastern studies 2001-07, Vol.37 (3), p.167-178
Main Author: Hamzeh, A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Citizen Participation
Communitarianism
Culture
Democracy
Geographic profiles
Hierarchy
Kinship
Lebanon
Lifestyles
Middle East
Middle Eastern studies
Militias
Modern society
Patronage
Political Participation
Political parties
Political power
Political structure
Political Systems
Religion Politics Relationship
Sectarian violence
Sectarianism
Social conditions & trends
Social development
Social organization
Social structure
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Summary:In this history of clientelism in Lebanon, it is shown that clientelism is firmly rooted in the Lebanese political system, despite the establishment of modern Lebanon. It has evolved from the traditional form of feudal or patrimonial clientelism to clientelistic brokerage forms. Four new types of clientelism, differing in clientelistic relations & networks, are identified: zu'ama, party-directed, military & Islamist. Clientelism's continuing presence has discouraged the implementation of universalistic policies & citizen participation. Individual participation in modern politics has remained vertical & fragmented; this will continue until the political system moves from a confessional to a secular structure & the economic situation improves. M. Pflum
ISSN:0026-3206
1743-7881
DOI:10.1080/714004405