The Weak Effect of Imprisonment on Crime: 1971-1998

Objective. This article studies the impact of increasing incarceration rates on crime rates. First we seek to replicate the findings of previous studies utilizing the pooled, fixed-effects models (which are based on the assumption that the effect of imprisonment does not vary across states). Next we...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Social science quarterly 2002-09, Vol.83 (3), p.635-653
Main Authors: DeFina, Robert H., Arvanites, Thomas M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
California
Coefficients
Control variables
Correlation
Crime
Crime and Punishment
Crime prevention
Crime rate
Crime Rates
Criminal punishment
Criminal sentences
Criminal statistics
Drug related crimes
Estimation
Historical analysis
Hypotheses
Imprisonment
Larceny
Legislation
Null hypothesis
Political systems
Prisons
Property crimes
Replication
Replication studies
Research Methodology
Social conditions & trends
Social sciences
Texas
Time series
U.S.A
USA
Validity
Variables
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Summary:Objective. This article studies the impact of increasing incarceration rates on crime rates. First we seek to replicate the findings of previous studies utilizing the pooled, fixed-effects models (which are based on the assumption that the effect of imprisonment does not vary across states). Next we test the validity of this assumption. Finally, we present a new methodology to examine the imprisonment-crime relationship. Methods. Annual state-level data from 1971—1998 are used to estimate 51 state-specific regression models in which crime rates for seven major categories are functions of incarceration rates and a wide array of socioeconomic and dummy control variables. Results. Our findings are consistent with prior studies. More important, the assumptions upon which the fixed-effect models are based were found to be statistically invalid. The results of our new methodology reveal that imprisonment rates are not significantly related to crime in the majority of states for any of the seven crimes studied. Conclusions. Because the state-level lagged imprisonment coefficients varied from significant negative effects to significant positive effects (depending on the state and type of crime), we argue that it is inappropriate to speak about "the" effect of imprisonment on any particular crime or at the national level.
ISSN:0038-4941
1540-6237
DOI:10.1111/1540-6237.00106