An Essay on the Relativity of Categories

• Published in: Philosophy of science 1955-10, Vol.22 (4), p.243-263
• Main Author: von Bertalanffy, L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antitheses; Classification; Cognition; Experience; Humans; Intuition; Linguistics; Mathematics; Perceptions; Physics; Reality; Relativism; Relativity; Visual perception
• ISSN: 0031-8248; 1539-767X
• DOI: 10.1086/287440

Among recent developments in the anthropological sciences, hardly any have found so much attention and led to so much controversy as have the views advanced by the late Benjamin Whorf. The hypothesis offered by Whorf is, “that the commonly held belief that the cognitive processes of all human beings possess a common logical structure which operates prior to and independently of communication through language, is erroneous. It is Whorf's view that the linguistic patterns themselves determine what the individual perceives in this world and how he thinks about it. Since these patterns vary widely, the modes of thinking and perceiving in groups utilizing different linguistic systems will result in basically different world views” (Fearing, 1954). “We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar. … We cut up and organize the spread and flow of events as we do largely because, through our mother tongue, we are parties to an agreement to do so, not because nature itself is segmented in exactly that way for all to see” (Whorf, 1952, p. 21)