Government intervention in the economy: a comparative analysis of Singapore and Hong Kong

Singapore and Hong Kong are very different and yet very similar in many respects. A study of their current profiles and historical development indicates that the two have achieved comparable economic successes through different development strategies. After World War II, Singapore gained political i...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Public administration and development 2000-12, Vol.20 (5), p.397-421
Main Author: Lam, Newman M. K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Comparative analysis
Comparative politics
Comparative studies
Crossnational Analysis
Development Strategies
Economic Development
Economic growth
Economic Systems
Economics
Fiscal Policy
GDP
Government
Gross Domestic Product
Historical analysis
History
Hong Kong
Intervention
Laissez-faire
Manufacturing
Political development
Politics
Population growth
Public Finance
Retailing industry
Singapore
State intervention
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3606-7b49c15cf9450cac8fa7be4cf725a26a74518284df3442fa794d663c6b6692603
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3606-7b49c15cf9450cac8fa7be4cf725a26a74518284df3442fa794d663c6b6692603
container_end_page 421
container_issue 5
container_start_page 397
container_title Public administration and development
container_volume 20
creator Lam, Newman M. K.
description Singapore and Hong Kong are very different and yet very similar in many respects. A study of their current profiles and historical development indicates that the two have achieved comparable economic successes through different development strategies. After World War II, Singapore gained political independence while Hong Kong achieved economic restructuring. The Singapore government adopted an interventionist approach to develop its economy, while the Hong Kong government followed the laissez‐faire principle. However, as the two were maturing socially and economically in the last few decades, both governments found the necessity to adopt a hybrid strategy of mixing economic interventions with the free‐market approach. An examination of public finance and economic policies since the onset of the Asian economic turmoil shows that the two have become increasingly similar in their economic approaches, with heavy emphasis on stabilizing the economy and stimulating business activities through government initiatives. Based on their projected economic, social and political development, the Hong Kong government is expected to become more interventionist while its Singapore counterpart is expected to go in the opposite direction. The economic development strategies of the two governments, coming from two extremes, will become more alike in the foreseeable future, for reasons of political feasibility in the former. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/pad.136
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_60588890</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1683917616</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3606-7b49c15cf9450cac8fa7be4cf725a26a74518284df3442fa794d663c6b6692603</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0U1v1DAQBmALgcRSEH_BAgkOKMWfY5tb1cIuouIbCifL63VK2sQOdnZh_z2ugjggVb2MZ8aPfPCL0ENKDikh7PnoNoeUwy20oMSYhgL7dhstCFO0YUTJu-heKReEVGvUAn1fpl3IcQhxwl2cQt7VrkuxDnj6EXDwKaZh_wI77NMwuuymbhewi67fl67g1OJPXTx3Y8pX2w1epXiO39RyH91pXV_Cg7_nAfry6uXn41Vz-m75-vjotPEcCDRqLYyn0rdGSOKd161T6yB8q5h0DJwSkmqmxablQrB6acQGgHtYAxgGhB-gJ_O7Y04_t6FMduiKD33vYkjbYoFIrbW5GUoFErQWN0JuCBGE0Qof_Qcv0jbXrymWUaDKaK4renwdoqC5oQooVPV0Vj6nUnJo7Zi7weW9pcRe5WprrrbmWuWzWf7q-rC_jtn3RyezbmbdlSn8_qddvrSguJL27O3Snnz9aM40_2BX_A9dJ7A_</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>216179838</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Government intervention in the economy: a comparative analysis of Singapore and Hong Kong</title><source>EBSCOhost Business Source Ultimate</source><source>Applied Social Sciences Index &amp; Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</source><source>ABI/INFORM Global</source><source>Politics Collection</source><source>Wiley-Blackwell Read &amp; Publish Collection</source><source>Sociology Collection</source><source>PAIS Index</source><source>Worldwide Political Science Abstracts</source><source>ProQuest Social Science Premium Collection</source><creator>Lam, Newman M. K.</creator><creatorcontrib>Lam, Newman M. K.</creatorcontrib><description>Singapore and Hong Kong are very different and yet very similar in many respects. A study of their current profiles and historical development indicates that the two have achieved comparable economic successes through different development strategies. After World War II, Singapore gained political independence while Hong Kong achieved economic restructuring. The Singapore government adopted an interventionist approach to develop its economy, while the Hong Kong government followed the laissez‐faire principle. However, as the two were maturing socially and economically in the last few decades, both governments found the necessity to adopt a hybrid strategy of mixing economic interventions with the free‐market approach. An examination of public finance and economic policies since the onset of the Asian economic turmoil shows that the two have become increasingly similar in their economic approaches, with heavy emphasis on stabilizing the economy and stimulating business activities through government initiatives. Based on their projected economic, social and political development, the Hong Kong government is expected to become more interventionist while its Singapore counterpart is expected to go in the opposite direction. The economic development strategies of the two governments, coming from two extremes, will become more alike in the foreseeable future, for reasons of political feasibility in the former. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0271-2075</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1099-162X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/pad.136</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PADEDR</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Comparative analysis ; Comparative politics ; Comparative studies ; Crossnational Analysis ; Development Strategies ; Economic Development ; Economic growth ; Economic Systems ; Economics ; Fiscal Policy ; GDP ; Government ; Gross Domestic Product ; Historical analysis ; History ; Hong Kong ; Intervention ; Laissez-faire ; Manufacturing ; Political development ; Politics ; Population growth ; Public Finance ; Retailing industry ; Singapore ; State intervention</subject><ispartof>Public administration and development, 2000-12, Vol.20 (5), p.397-421</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2000 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3606-7b49c15cf9450cac8fa7be4cf725a26a74518284df3442fa794d663c6b6692603</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3606-7b49c15cf9450cac8fa7be4cf725a26a74518284df3442fa794d663c6b6692603</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/216179838?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,11688,11906,12846,12847,21387,21394,21395,27866,27924,27925,30999,31000,33223,33224,33611,33612,33985,33986,34530,34531,36050,36051,36060,36061,43733,43948,44115,44361,44363</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lam, Newman M. K.</creatorcontrib><title>Government intervention in the economy: a comparative analysis of Singapore and Hong Kong</title><title>Public administration and development</title><addtitle>Public Admin. Dev</addtitle><description>Singapore and Hong Kong are very different and yet very similar in many respects. A study of their current profiles and historical development indicates that the two have achieved comparable economic successes through different development strategies. After World War II, Singapore gained political independence while Hong Kong achieved economic restructuring. The Singapore government adopted an interventionist approach to develop its economy, while the Hong Kong government followed the laissez‐faire principle. However, as the two were maturing socially and economically in the last few decades, both governments found the necessity to adopt a hybrid strategy of mixing economic interventions with the free‐market approach. An examination of public finance and economic policies since the onset of the Asian economic turmoil shows that the two have become increasingly similar in their economic approaches, with heavy emphasis on stabilizing the economy and stimulating business activities through government initiatives. Based on their projected economic, social and political development, the Hong Kong government is expected to become more interventionist while its Singapore counterpart is expected to go in the opposite direction. The economic development strategies of the two governments, coming from two extremes, will become more alike in the foreseeable future, for reasons of political feasibility in the former. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</description><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Comparative politics</subject><subject>Comparative studies</subject><subject>Crossnational Analysis</subject><subject>Development Strategies</subject><subject>Economic Development</subject><subject>Economic growth</subject><subject>Economic Systems</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Fiscal Policy</subject><subject>GDP</subject><subject>Government</subject><subject>Gross Domestic Product</subject><subject>Historical analysis</subject><subject>History</subject><subject>Hong Kong</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Laissez-faire</subject><subject>Manufacturing</subject><subject>Political development</subject><subject>Politics</subject><subject>Population growth</subject><subject>Public Finance</subject><subject>Retailing industry</subject><subject>Singapore</subject><subject>State intervention</subject><issn>0271-2075</issn><issn>1099-162X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>7TQ</sourceid><sourceid>8BJ</sourceid><sourceid>ALSLI</sourceid><sourceid>DPSOV</sourceid><sourceid>HEHIP</sourceid><sourceid>M0C</sourceid><sourceid>M2L</sourceid><sourceid>M2S</sourceid><sourceid>7UB</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0U1v1DAQBmALgcRSEH_BAgkOKMWfY5tb1cIuouIbCifL63VK2sQOdnZh_z2ugjggVb2MZ8aPfPCL0ENKDikh7PnoNoeUwy20oMSYhgL7dhstCFO0YUTJu-heKReEVGvUAn1fpl3IcQhxwl2cQt7VrkuxDnj6EXDwKaZh_wI77NMwuuymbhewi67fl67g1OJPXTx3Y8pX2w1epXiO39RyH91pXV_Cg7_nAfry6uXn41Vz-m75-vjotPEcCDRqLYyn0rdGSOKd161T6yB8q5h0DJwSkmqmxablQrB6acQGgHtYAxgGhB-gJ_O7Y04_t6FMduiKD33vYkjbYoFIrbW5GUoFErQWN0JuCBGE0Qof_Qcv0jbXrymWUaDKaK4renwdoqC5oQooVPV0Vj6nUnJo7Zi7weW9pcRe5WprrrbmWuWzWf7q-rC_jtn3RyezbmbdlSn8_qddvrSguJL27O3Snnz9aM40_2BX_A9dJ7A_</recordid><startdate>200012</startdate><enddate>200012</enddate><creator>Lam, Newman M. K.</creator><general>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</general><general>John Wiley and Sons, Ltd</general><general>Wiley Periodicals Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>HFIND</scope><scope>JHMDA</scope><scope>K30</scope><scope>PAAUG</scope><scope>PAWHS</scope><scope>PAWZZ</scope><scope>PAXOH</scope><scope>PBHAV</scope><scope>PBQSW</scope><scope>PBYQZ</scope><scope>PCIWU</scope><scope>PCMID</scope><scope>PCZJX</scope><scope>PDGRG</scope><scope>PDWWI</scope><scope>PETMR</scope><scope>PFVGT</scope><scope>PGXDX</scope><scope>PIHIL</scope><scope>PISVA</scope><scope>PJCTQ</scope><scope>PJTMS</scope><scope>PLCHJ</scope><scope>PMHAD</scope><scope>PNQDJ</scope><scope>POUND</scope><scope>PPLAD</scope><scope>PQAPC</scope><scope>PQCAN</scope><scope>PQCMW</scope><scope>PQEME</scope><scope>PQHKH</scope><scope>PQMID</scope><scope>PQNCT</scope><scope>PQNET</scope><scope>PQSCT</scope><scope>PQSET</scope><scope>PSVJG</scope><scope>PVMQY</scope><scope>PZGFC</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7TQ</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DHY</scope><scope>DON</scope><scope>DPSOV</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>HEHIP</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>KC-</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M2L</scope><scope>M2S</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7UB</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200012</creationdate><title>Government intervention in the economy: a comparative analysis of Singapore and Hong Kong</title><author>Lam, Newman M. K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3606-7b49c15cf9450cac8fa7be4cf725a26a74518284df3442fa794d663c6b6692603</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Comparative analysis</topic><topic>Comparative politics</topic><topic>Comparative studies</topic><topic>Crossnational Analysis</topic><topic>Development Strategies</topic><topic>Economic Development</topic><topic>Economic growth</topic><topic>Economic Systems</topic><topic>Economics</topic><topic>Fiscal Policy</topic><topic>GDP</topic><topic>Government</topic><topic>Gross Domestic Product</topic><topic>Historical analysis</topic><topic>History</topic><topic>Hong Kong</topic><topic>Intervention</topic><topic>Laissez-faire</topic><topic>Manufacturing</topic><topic>Political development</topic><topic>Politics</topic><topic>Population growth</topic><topic>Public Finance</topic><topic>Retailing industry</topic><topic>Singapore</topic><topic>State intervention</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lam, Newman M. K.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 16</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 31</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - West</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - MEA</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index &amp; Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>PAIS Index</collection><collection>ABI-INFORM Complete</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>PAIS International</collection><collection>PAIS International (Ovid)</collection><collection>Politics Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Sociology Collection</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Politics Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Political Science Database</collection><collection>Sociology Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Worldwide Political Science Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Public administration and development</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lam, Newman M. K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Government intervention in the economy: a comparative analysis of Singapore and Hong Kong</atitle><jtitle>Public administration and development</jtitle><addtitle>Public Admin. Dev</addtitle><date>2000-12</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>397</spage><epage>421</epage><pages>397-421</pages><issn>0271-2075</issn><eissn>1099-162X</eissn><coden>PADEDR</coden><abstract>Singapore and Hong Kong are very different and yet very similar in many respects. A study of their current profiles and historical development indicates that the two have achieved comparable economic successes through different development strategies. After World War II, Singapore gained political independence while Hong Kong achieved economic restructuring. The Singapore government adopted an interventionist approach to develop its economy, while the Hong Kong government followed the laissez‐faire principle. However, as the two were maturing socially and economically in the last few decades, both governments found the necessity to adopt a hybrid strategy of mixing economic interventions with the free‐market approach. An examination of public finance and economic policies since the onset of the Asian economic turmoil shows that the two have become increasingly similar in their economic approaches, with heavy emphasis on stabilizing the economy and stimulating business activities through government initiatives. Based on their projected economic, social and political development, the Hong Kong government is expected to become more interventionist while its Singapore counterpart is expected to go in the opposite direction. The economic development strategies of the two governments, coming from two extremes, will become more alike in the foreseeable future, for reasons of political feasibility in the former. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/pad.136</doi><tpages>25</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0271-2075
ispartof Public administration and development, 2000-12, Vol.20 (5), p.397-421
issn 0271-2075
1099-162X
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_60588890
source EBSCOhost Business Source Ultimate; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS); ABI/INFORM Global; Politics Collection; Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection; Sociology Collection; PAIS Index; Worldwide Political Science Abstracts; ProQuest Social Science Premium Collection
subjects Comparative analysis
Comparative politics
Comparative studies
Crossnational Analysis
Development Strategies
Economic Development
Economic growth
Economic Systems
Economics
Fiscal Policy
GDP
Government
Gross Domestic Product
Historical analysis
History
Hong Kong
Intervention
Laissez-faire
Manufacturing
Political development
Politics
Population growth
Public Finance
Retailing industry
Singapore
State intervention
title Government intervention in the economy: a comparative analysis of Singapore and Hong Kong
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-04T12%3A38%3A42IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Government%20intervention%20in%20the%20economy:%20a%20comparative%20analysis%20of%20Singapore%20and%20Hong%20Kong&rft.jtitle=Public%20administration%20and%20development&rft.au=Lam,%20Newman%20M.%20K.&rft.date=2000-12&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=397&rft.epage=421&rft.pages=397-421&rft.issn=0271-2075&rft.eissn=1099-162X&rft.coden=PADEDR&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/pad.136&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1683917616%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3606-7b49c15cf9450cac8fa7be4cf725a26a74518284df3442fa794d663c6b6692603%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=216179838&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true