The political economy of nontariff barriers: a cross-national analysis

Nontariff barriers to trade are most pervasive when deteriorating macroeconomic conditions give rise to demands for protection by pressure groups, when countries are sufficiently large to give policymakers incentives to impose protection, and when domestic institutions enhance the ability of public...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International organization 1995, Vol.49 (4), p.723-749
Main Authors: Mansfield, Edward D., Busch, Marc L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Constituents
Cross-national analysis
Economic conditions
ECONOMIC MEASURES
Economic policy
Economics
Foreign Affairs
International economic relations
International relations
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Macroeconomics
National interests
Nontariff trade barriers
OPEN MARKET THEORY
Policy making
Political aspects
Political Economy
Politics
PROTECTIONISM
Tariffs
Trade
Trade barriers
Trade policy
Trade protectionism
Unemployment
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Summary:Nontariff barriers to trade are most pervasive when deteriorating macroeconomic conditions give rise to demands for protection by pressure groups, when countries are sufficiently large to give policymakers incentives to impose protection, and when domestic institutions enhance the ability of public officials to act on these incentives. Statistical results based on a sample of advanced industrial countries during the 1980s support the argument that the incidence of nontariff barriers tends to be greatest when the preferences of pressure groups and policymakers converge. More attention should be devoted to the interaction between societal and statist factors in cross-national studies of trade policy.
ISSN:0020-8183
1531-5088
DOI:10.1017/S0020818300028496