Families under economic pressure

Within a context of increasing economic pressure in rural America, this study assesses family responses to this change and their consequences from the perspective of the household economy in middle-class families. It draws on the findings of largely separate fields of inquiry, including those on inc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of family issues 1992-03, Vol.13 (1), p.5-37
Main Authors: Elder, G.H. Jr. (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Conger, R.D, Foster, E.M, Ardelt, M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ADJUSTMENT
BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS
BEHAVIOUR
CAMBIO SOCIAL
Change
CHANGEMENT SOCIAL
CHILD BEHAVIOR
CHILDREN
CHOMAGE
CLASE MEDIA
CLASSE MOYENNE
COMPORTAMIENTO
COMPORTEMENT
CONFLICT
CONFLICTOS SOCIALES
DEPRESSION
DESEMPLEO
ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT
Economic change
Economic conditions
Economic factors
Economic Problems
EMOTIONS
ENFANT
ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMERICA
ETATS UNIS
FAMILIA
FAMILIES
Families & family life
FAMILLE
Family Income
Family Life
Family Relationship
FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
Family work relationship
Father Attitudes
FATHERS
Financial Problems
HEALTH
HOGARES
HOUSEHOLDS
INCOME
JOB LAYOFF
LOSSES
MARITAL INTERACTION
MENAGE
Mental Health
Middle Class
MIDDLE CLASSES
Mother Attitudes
Mothers
Negative Attitudes
NINOS
ORGANISATION DU TRAVAIL
ORGANIZACION DEL TRABAJO
PADRE
PARENT CHILD RELATIONSHIPS
PERDIDAS
PERE
PERTE
RELATIONSHIPS
RENTA
REVENU
RURAL AREAS
Rural Population
SALUD
SANTE
SOCIAL CHANGE
SOCIAL IMPACT
Social research
SOCIAL UNREST
TROUBLE SOCIAL
UNEMPLOYMENT
USA
WORK ORGANIZATION
ZONAS RURALES
ZONE RURALE
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Summary:Within a context of increasing economic pressure in rural America, this study assesses family responses to this change and their consequences from the perspective of the household economy in middle-class families. It draws on the findings of largely separate fields of inquiry, including those on income level and loss, unemployment, and economic adjustments. Using survey and observational data on two-parent families in a midwestern rural county, the analysis shows that (a) adverse income change increases economic pressures and hardship adaptations in ways that match the effect of income level and exceed the influence of unstable work, (b) economic pressures and adaptations mediate the negative effects of economic adversity on emotional health and family relationships, (c) father's negativity in the family represents a stronger link between economic conditions and child behavior than does mother's negativity, and (d) economic pressure and father's negativity increase the risk of aggressive behavior and depressed feelings among boys and girls, especially in the absence of maternal support.
ISSN:0192-513X
1552-5481
DOI:10.1177/019251392013001002