Rural-urban disparity and sectoral labour allocation in China

This study examines China's rural-urban segmentation and its causes in the context of economic reforms. Household survey and aggregate data indicate a V-shaped process in which rural-urban consumption and income differentials decreased between 1978 and 1985, but then have continually increased...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of development studies 1999-02, Vol.35 (3), p.105-133
Main Authors: Tao Yang, Dennis, Zhou, Hao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agriculture
Allocation
China
China, People's Republic of
Consumption
Development strategies
Economic reform
Expenditures
Factors
Financial policy
Households
Income Inequality
Labor
Labor economics
Labor market
Labor Productivity
Labour force
Labour productivity
Peoples Republic of China
Per capita
Policy Reform
Prices
Production functions
Productivity
Public policy
Ratios
Rural areas
Rural Government
Rural Urban Differences
Social Segmentation
Stagnation
Subsidies
Trends
Urban Affairs
Urban areas
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c685t-e7952974923d923f90c09526fa8a5ba0cada118957868073a48e89ba2800e74d3
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c685t-e7952974923d923f90c09526fa8a5ba0cada118957868073a48e89ba2800e74d3
container_end_page 133
container_issue 3
container_start_page 105
container_title The Journal of development studies
container_volume 35
creator Tao Yang, Dennis
Zhou, Hao
description This study examines China's rural-urban segmentation and its causes in the context of economic reforms. Household survey and aggregate data indicate a V-shaped process in which rural-urban consumption and income differentials decreased between 1978 and 1985, but then have continually increased to historically high levels. This sectoral division is consistent with production function estimates based on provincial data that reveal higher labour productivity in urban/state-owned industries than in rural industries and agriculture. To explain the V-shaped change, we argue that the precedent of successful rural reforms raised farmers' relative earnings, but the remaining obstacles to an efficient sectoral allocation of labour have prevented China from eliminating dualism. Recent financial policies consisting of urban price subsidies and increased investment credits have also had influential distribution effects that are biased against the rural sector.
doi_str_mv 10.1080/00220389908422575
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_61441001</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>61441001</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c685t-e7952974923d923f90c09526fa8a5ba0cada118957868073a48e89ba2800e74d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkk2LFDEQhhtRcFz9Ad4aBfHSWkk6X6AHGfxkQRA9h5ruNJuhp9Mm6dX591Yz4sFlHQ-VgqrnrapUUlWPGbxgYOAlAOcgjLVgWs6llneqDdOtaCxr4W61WfMNAeZ-9SDnPQC00upN9frLknBslrTDqe5DnjGFcqxx6uvsuxIpWY-4i0uqcRxjhyXEqQ5Tvb0KEz6s7g04Zv_ot7-ovr17-3X7obn8_P7j9s1l0ykjS-O1ldzq1nLRkw0WOqCIGtCg3CF02CNjxkptlAEtsDXe2B1yA-B124uL6tmp7pzi98Xn4g4hd34ccfJxyU6xtmUA7D9AaqyVPAtKrRnTwp4FhaEta7WCz_8JMhBKcmO5IfTJX-ieFjzRBh29ogKpuCbo6W0Qk8wIts5HFDtRXYo5Jz-4OYUDpiP1c-vPcDd-Bmk-nTTJz777Iyg47Ht_TY2unUAh6TiSMWstubDGyOY1BNIxIdxVOVAxfSoWpiGmA_6Iaeyp1nGMaUg4dSHfHMGVn4WUr84qxe23-AVK--UE</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>220605627</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Rural-urban disparity and sectoral labour allocation in China</title><source>EBSCOhost Business Source Ultimate</source><source>Applied Social Sciences Index &amp; Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</source><source>Taylor &amp; Francis</source><source>EBSCOhost Econlit with Full Text</source><source>ABI/INFORM Global</source><source>Social Science Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</source><source>Sociology Collection</source><source>Worldwide Political Science Abstracts</source><source>Humanities Index</source><source>Sociological Abstracts</source><creator>Tao Yang, Dennis ; Zhou, Hao</creator><creatorcontrib>Tao Yang, Dennis ; Zhou, Hao</creatorcontrib><description>This study examines China's rural-urban segmentation and its causes in the context of economic reforms. Household survey and aggregate data indicate a V-shaped process in which rural-urban consumption and income differentials decreased between 1978 and 1985, but then have continually increased to historically high levels. This sectoral division is consistent with production function estimates based on provincial data that reveal higher labour productivity in urban/state-owned industries than in rural industries and agriculture. To explain the V-shaped change, we argue that the precedent of successful rural reforms raised farmers' relative earnings, but the remaining obstacles to an efficient sectoral allocation of labour have prevented China from eliminating dualism. Recent financial policies consisting of urban price subsidies and increased investment credits have also had influential distribution effects that are biased against the rural sector.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0388</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1743-9140</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/00220389908422575</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JDVSA9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Taylor &amp; Francis Group</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Allocation ; China ; China, People's Republic of ; Consumption ; Development strategies ; Economic reform ; Expenditures ; Factors ; Financial policy ; Households ; Income Inequality ; Labor ; Labor economics ; Labor market ; Labor Productivity ; Labour force ; Labour productivity ; Peoples Republic of China ; Per capita ; Policy Reform ; Prices ; Production functions ; Productivity ; Public policy ; Ratios ; Rural areas ; Rural Government ; Rural Urban Differences ; Social Segmentation ; Stagnation ; Subsidies ; Trends ; Urban Affairs ; Urban areas</subject><ispartof>The Journal of development studies, 1999-02, Vol.35 (3), p.105-133</ispartof><rights>Copyright Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC 1999</rights><rights>Copyright Frank Cass &amp; Co. Ltd Feb 1999</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c685t-e7952974923d923f90c09526fa8a5ba0cada118957868073a48e89ba2800e74d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c685t-e7952974923d923f90c09526fa8a5ba0cada118957868073a48e89ba2800e74d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/220605627?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,11687,12846,21393,21394,27343,27923,27924,30999,33222,33223,33610,33611,33773,33774,33849,34529,34530,36059,36060,43732,44114,44362</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://econpapers.repec.org/article/tafjdevst/v_3a35_3ay_3a1999_3ai_3a3_3ap_3a105-133.htm$$DView record in RePEc$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tao Yang, Dennis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Hao</creatorcontrib><title>Rural-urban disparity and sectoral labour allocation in China</title><title>The Journal of development studies</title><description>This study examines China's rural-urban segmentation and its causes in the context of economic reforms. Household survey and aggregate data indicate a V-shaped process in which rural-urban consumption and income differentials decreased between 1978 and 1985, but then have continually increased to historically high levels. This sectoral division is consistent with production function estimates based on provincial data that reveal higher labour productivity in urban/state-owned industries than in rural industries and agriculture. To explain the V-shaped change, we argue that the precedent of successful rural reforms raised farmers' relative earnings, but the remaining obstacles to an efficient sectoral allocation of labour have prevented China from eliminating dualism. Recent financial policies consisting of urban price subsidies and increased investment credits have also had influential distribution effects that are biased against the rural sector.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Allocation</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>China, People's Republic of</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Development strategies</subject><subject>Economic reform</subject><subject>Expenditures</subject><subject>Factors</subject><subject>Financial policy</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Income Inequality</subject><subject>Labor</subject><subject>Labor economics</subject><subject>Labor market</subject><subject>Labor Productivity</subject><subject>Labour force</subject><subject>Labour productivity</subject><subject>Peoples Republic of China</subject><subject>Per capita</subject><subject>Policy Reform</subject><subject>Prices</subject><subject>Production functions</subject><subject>Productivity</subject><subject>Public policy</subject><subject>Ratios</subject><subject>Rural areas</subject><subject>Rural Government</subject><subject>Rural Urban Differences</subject><subject>Social Segmentation</subject><subject>Stagnation</subject><subject>Subsidies</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Urban Affairs</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><issn>0022-0388</issn><issn>1743-9140</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8BJ</sourceid><sourceid>ALSLI</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><sourceid>HEHIP</sourceid><sourceid>M0C</sourceid><sourceid>M2R</sourceid><sourceid>M2S</sourceid><sourceid>C18</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>7UB</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk2LFDEQhhtRcFz9Ad4aBfHSWkk6X6AHGfxkQRA9h5ruNJuhp9Mm6dX591Yz4sFlHQ-VgqrnrapUUlWPGbxgYOAlAOcgjLVgWs6llneqDdOtaCxr4W61WfMNAeZ-9SDnPQC00upN9frLknBslrTDqe5DnjGFcqxx6uvsuxIpWY-4i0uqcRxjhyXEqQ5Tvb0KEz6s7g04Zv_ot7-ovr17-3X7obn8_P7j9s1l0ykjS-O1ldzq1nLRkw0WOqCIGtCg3CF02CNjxkptlAEtsDXe2B1yA-B124uL6tmp7pzi98Xn4g4hd34ccfJxyU6xtmUA7D9AaqyVPAtKrRnTwp4FhaEta7WCz_8JMhBKcmO5IfTJX-ieFjzRBh29ogKpuCbo6W0Qk8wIts5HFDtRXYo5Jz-4OYUDpiP1c-vPcDd-Bmk-nTTJz777Iyg47Ht_TY2unUAh6TiSMWstubDGyOY1BNIxIdxVOVAxfSoWpiGmA_6Iaeyp1nGMaUg4dSHfHMGVn4WUr84qxe23-AVK--UE</recordid><startdate>19990201</startdate><enddate>19990201</enddate><creator>Tao Yang, Dennis</creator><creator>Zhou, Hao</creator><general>Taylor &amp; Francis Group</general><general>Taylor and Francis Journals</general><general>F. Cass</general><general>Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd</general><scope>DKI</scope><scope>X2L</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>HFIND</scope><scope>HOKLE</scope><scope>K30</scope><scope>PAAUG</scope><scope>PAWHS</scope><scope>PAWZZ</scope><scope>PAXOH</scope><scope>PBHAV</scope><scope>PBQSW</scope><scope>PBYQZ</scope><scope>PCIWU</scope><scope>PCMID</scope><scope>PCZJX</scope><scope>PDGRG</scope><scope>PDWWI</scope><scope>PETMR</scope><scope>PFVGT</scope><scope>PGXDX</scope><scope>PIHIL</scope><scope>PISVA</scope><scope>PJCTQ</scope><scope>PJTMS</scope><scope>PLCHJ</scope><scope>PMHAD</scope><scope>PNQDJ</scope><scope>POUND</scope><scope>PPLAD</scope><scope>PQAPC</scope><scope>PQCAN</scope><scope>PQCMW</scope><scope>PQEME</scope><scope>PQHKH</scope><scope>PQMID</scope><scope>PQNCT</scope><scope>PQNET</scope><scope>PQSCT</scope><scope>PQSET</scope><scope>PSVJG</scope><scope>PVMQY</scope><scope>PZGFC</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>0U~</scope><scope>1-H</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88J</scope><scope>8BF</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AXJJW</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>FREBS</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HEHIP</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L.0</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0Q</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2R</scope><scope>M2S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>C18</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7UB</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19990201</creationdate><title>Rural-urban disparity and sectoral labour allocation in China</title><author>Tao Yang, Dennis ; Zhou, Hao</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c685t-e7952974923d923f90c09526fa8a5ba0cada118957868073a48e89ba2800e74d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Allocation</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>China, People's Republic of</topic><topic>Consumption</topic><topic>Development strategies</topic><topic>Economic reform</topic><topic>Expenditures</topic><topic>Factors</topic><topic>Financial policy</topic><topic>Households</topic><topic>Income Inequality</topic><topic>Labor</topic><topic>Labor economics</topic><topic>Labor market</topic><topic>Labor Productivity</topic><topic>Labour force</topic><topic>Labour productivity</topic><topic>Peoples Republic of China</topic><topic>Per capita</topic><topic>Policy Reform</topic><topic>Prices</topic><topic>Production functions</topic><topic>Productivity</topic><topic>Public policy</topic><topic>Ratios</topic><topic>Rural areas</topic><topic>Rural Government</topic><topic>Rural Urban Differences</topic><topic>Social Segmentation</topic><topic>Stagnation</topic><topic>Subsidies</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Urban Affairs</topic><topic>Urban areas</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tao Yang, Dennis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Hao</creatorcontrib><collection>RePEc IDEAS</collection><collection>RePEc</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 16</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 22</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - West</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access &amp; Build (Plan A) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - MEA</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>Global News &amp; ABI/Inform Professional</collection><collection>Trade PRO</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>Social Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>European Business Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Asian &amp; European Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Asian &amp; European Business Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Sociology Collection</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Standard</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>European Business Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Social Science Database</collection><collection>Sociology Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>One Business (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>Humanities Index</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index &amp; Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Worldwide Political Science Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The Journal of development studies</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tao Yang, Dennis</au><au>Zhou, Hao</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Rural-urban disparity and sectoral labour allocation in China</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of development studies</jtitle><date>1999-02-01</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>105</spage><epage>133</epage><pages>105-133</pages><issn>0022-0388</issn><eissn>1743-9140</eissn><coden>JDVSA9</coden><abstract>This study examines China's rural-urban segmentation and its causes in the context of economic reforms. Household survey and aggregate data indicate a V-shaped process in which rural-urban consumption and income differentials decreased between 1978 and 1985, but then have continually increased to historically high levels. This sectoral division is consistent with production function estimates based on provincial data that reveal higher labour productivity in urban/state-owned industries than in rural industries and agriculture. To explain the V-shaped change, we argue that the precedent of successful rural reforms raised farmers' relative earnings, but the remaining obstacles to an efficient sectoral allocation of labour have prevented China from eliminating dualism. Recent financial policies consisting of urban price subsidies and increased investment credits have also had influential distribution effects that are biased against the rural sector.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Taylor &amp; Francis Group</pub><doi>10.1080/00220389908422575</doi><tpages>29</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0022-0388
ispartof The Journal of development studies, 1999-02, Vol.35 (3), p.105-133
issn 0022-0388
1743-9140
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_61441001
source EBSCOhost Business Source Ultimate; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS); Taylor & Francis; EBSCOhost Econlit with Full Text; ABI/INFORM Global; Social Science Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3); Sociology Collection; Worldwide Political Science Abstracts; Humanities Index; Sociological Abstracts
subjects Agriculture
Allocation
China
China, People's Republic of
Consumption
Development strategies
Economic reform
Expenditures
Factors
Financial policy
Households
Income Inequality
Labor
Labor economics
Labor market
Labor Productivity
Labour force
Labour productivity
Peoples Republic of China
Per capita
Policy Reform
Prices
Production functions
Productivity
Public policy
Ratios
Rural areas
Rural Government
Rural Urban Differences
Social Segmentation
Stagnation
Subsidies
Trends
Urban Affairs
Urban areas
title Rural-urban disparity and sectoral labour allocation in China
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-08T17%3A39%3A06IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rural-urban%20disparity%20and%20sectoral%20labour%20allocation%20in%20China&rft.jtitle=The%20Journal%20of%20development%20studies&rft.au=Tao%20Yang,%20Dennis&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=105&rft.epage=133&rft.pages=105-133&rft.issn=0022-0388&rft.eissn=1743-9140&rft.coden=JDVSA9&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080/00220389908422575&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E61441001%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c685t-e7952974923d923f90c09526fa8a5ba0cada118957868073a48e89ba2800e74d3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=220605627&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true