Does Social Cohesion Determine Motivation in Combat?: An Old Question with an Old Answer

• Published in: Armed forces and society 2006-07, Vol.32 (4), p.646-654
• Main Authors: MacCoun, Robert J., Kier, Elizabeth, Belkin, Aaron
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Armed forces; Disputatio Sine Fine; Effects; Factor analysis; Iraq; Iraq War-2003; Military; Military Personnel; Military policy; Military strategy; Motivation; Role; Social Cohesion; War
• ISSN: 0095-327X; 1556-0848
• DOI: 10.1177/0095327X05279181

Based on a new Army War College study of unit cohesion in the Iraq War, Wong et al. argue that successful unit performance is determined by social cohesion (the strength of interpersonal bonds among members) rather than task cohesion (a sense of shared commitment to the unit’s mission). If correct, these conclusions have important implications for scholarship as well as for numerous U.S. military policies such as the Unit Manning System. However, this article disputes their contentions. Wong et al. ignore a large body of empirical research on military and nonmilitary groups showing that social cohesion has no independent impact on performance. They provide no evidence for the representativeness of the interview quotes they cite as evidence for the reliability or validity of their measures. Their methodology fails to meet social science standards for causal inference (e.g., ruling out causal rival factors).