Oral and postoral determinants of food reward

Tasty high-fat and high-sugar foods induce overeating and obesity in animals. To separate the roles of oral and postoral factors in food preference and consumption, recent studies have used an “electronic esophagus” preparation. With this system, when an animal drinks a flavored solution, it control...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physiology & behavior 2004-07, Vol.81 (5), p.773-779
Main Author: Sclafani, Anthony
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Behavioral psychophysiology
Biological and medical sciences
Diet
Dietary obesity
Eating - psychology
Eating behavior disorders
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Flavor acceptance
Flavor preference
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Medical sciences
Miscellaneous
Nutrient conditioning
Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Reward
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
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Summary:Tasty high-fat and high-sugar foods induce overeating and obesity in animals. To separate the roles of oral and postoral factors in food preference and consumption, recent studies have used an “electronic esophagus” preparation. With this system, when an animal drinks a flavored solution, it controls the infusion of nutrients directly into its stomach through an implanted catheter. Improving the palatability of the flavored solution increases solution intake, infused nutrient intake, and weight gain. Changing the composition of the infused nutrient (e.g., fat–carbohydrate ratio) can also alter energy intake when flavor cues are held constant. In addition, animals learn to associate flavor cues with the postoral effects of nutrients, which can significantly increase flavor preference and acceptance. In some but not all cases, conditioned preferences are associated with increased hedonic evaluation of the nutrient-paired flavor. Flavor preference conditioning by nutrients can occur in chow-sated animals and is not dependent upon an energy-depleted state. Thus, food reward is determined by oral and postoral stimuli and may override the homeostatic regulation of energy balance.
ISSN:0031-9384
1873-507X
DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.04.031