Speed of sound in bubble-free ice

The speed of sound in a large volume of bubble-free ice was measured with high accuracy using a linear array of six piezoceramic lead zirconium titanate (PZT) receivers. This array was deployed in an ∼ 3   m 3 water tank, which was cooled down to − 20 ° C . The freezing process was performed inside...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2008-12, Vol.124 (6), p.3613-3618
Main Authors: Vogt, Christian, Laihem, Karim, Wiebusch, Christopher
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acoustics - instrumentation
Air
Ceramics
Epoxy Compounds
Equipment Design
Ice
Models, Theoretical
Motion
Pressure
Reproducibility of Results
Sound
Temperature
Time Factors
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Summary:The speed of sound in a large volume of bubble-free ice was measured with high accuracy using a linear array of six piezoceramic lead zirconium titanate (PZT) receivers. This array was deployed in an ∼ 3   m 3 water tank, which was cooled down to − 20 ° C . The freezing process was performed inside a cooling container. Bubble-free ice was obtained using a freeze control unit, which filters and degases the water during the freezing process. A dedicated geometry was used to position PZT receivers and an emitter such that systematic errors were minimized. With this setup the longitudinal and the transverse components of the speed of sound were measured at temperatures between 17 and 0 ° C in water and between 0 and − 20 ° C in ice with an uncertainty of ∼ 0.3 % .
ISSN:0001-4966
1520-8524
DOI:10.1121/1.2996304