Effect of Xylose on Sheepmeat Flavors in Casserole-Style Cooking

• Published in: Journal of food science 2008-08, Vol.73 (6), p.S308-S313
• Main Authors: Young, O.A, Cummings, T.L
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acidity; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; casseroles; cold storage; cooked foods; Cooking; Cooking - methods; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; flavor; Flavors; food additives; Food Handling - methods; Food industries; food packaging; Food Packaging - methods; Food Preservation - methods; food processing; Food science; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; glucose; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Maillard Reaction; Meat; Meat - analysis; Meat - standards; mutton; off flavors; pressure cooking; rancidity; refrigeration; Sheep; sheepmeat; storage time; Sugar; Taste - drug effects; Taste - physiology; Temperature; Time Factors; xylose; Xylose - pharmacology
• ISSN: 0022-1147; 1750-3841
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00831.x

Five-carbon sugars affect cooked meat flavor by the Maillard reaction. This research extends to the effects of pH and cooking temperature on meaty and species flavor, sweetness, barnyard, and rancid flavor in sheepmeat. Glucose and xylose were each blended into ground longissimus meat to 0%, 0.5%, or 1% and heated to 75 °C. Xylose treatments browned more than glucose treatments, and xylose flavor effects were more marked. With xylose, sheepmeat flavor declined significantly, but meaty flavor also declined. Differences were marked between pH 5.93 and 6.52, but pH effects at lower pHs were more subtle. Sweetness increased in many treatments, suggesting that 75 °C did not fully exploit the Maillard reaction. Therefore, pressure-cooked casserole treatments, chilled and frozen, were used to study the effects of xylose, packaging, and storage time on flavor. There were no flavor differences due to chill packaging (foil laminate compared with barrier bag) (not significant). Xylose addition reduced sheepmeat flavor by 24% on the 1 to 9 intensity scale (P < 0.001), while meaty flavor and sweetness were unaffected. Rancid flavor was reduced by xylose addition (P < 0.01), and the reduction in barnyard flavor approached significance (P= 0.07). Chilled storage time to 29 d did not affect any attribute. In the frozen casserole trial (stored exposed to air), xylose had no significant flavor effects (all P>= 0.38). However, storage to 71 d increased the rancid flavor score from a negligible 0.06 to 0.60 (P= 0.04), suggesting that rancidity development swamped more subtle effects.