Measurement of phenol and p-cresol in urine and feces using vacuum microdistillation and high-performance liquid chromatography

In this article, we describe a simple, sensitive, accurate, and repeatable method for the measurement of phenol and p-cresol (4-methylphenol) in human urine and feces. We examined a number of parameters to identify an optimal extraction protocol. Purification of sample extracts was achieved by low-t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analytical biochemistry 2009, Vol.384 (1), p.27-33
Main Authors: King, Roger A., May, Bruce L., Davies, Debbie A., Bird, Anthony R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods
Cresols
Cresols - analysis
Cresols - urine
Feces
Feces - chemistry
HPLC
Human
Humans
Phenol
Phenol - analysis
Phenol - urine
Reference Values
Urine
Vacuum microdistillation
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Summary:In this article, we describe a simple, sensitive, accurate, and repeatable method for the measurement of phenol and p-cresol (4-methylphenol) in human urine and feces. We examined a number of parameters to identify an optimal extraction protocol. Purification of sample extracts was achieved by low-temperature vacuum microdistillation. Separation was achieved in approximately 15 min by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with quantification by fluorescence at 284/310 nm. Limits of detection for phenol were 2 ng/ml for urine and 20 ng/g for feces, and those for p-cresol were 10 ng/ml for urine and 100 ng/g for feces. For comparison, approximate mean values for urine are 3 μg/ml for phenol and 30 μg/ml for p-cresol, and those for feces are 1 μg/g for phenol and 50 μg/g for p-cresol. An experienced analyst can process 60 samples each day using this method.
ISSN:0003-2697
1096-0309
DOI:10.1016/j.ab.2008.09.034