Morphogenesis of the peri-implant mucosa: a comparison between flap and flapless procedures in the canine mandible

• Published in: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology and endodontics oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology and endodontics, 2009, Vol.107 (1), p.66-70
• Main Authors: You, Tae-Min, DDS, Choi, Byung-Ho, DDS, PhD, Li, Jingxu, DDS, Xuan, Feng, MD, Jeong, Seung-Mi, DDS, PhD, Jang, Sun-Ok, MS
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alveolar Bone Loss - etiology; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Dental Implantation, Endosseous - adverse effects; Dental Implantation, Endosseous - methods; Dental Implants; Dentistry; Dogs; Epithelial Attachment - pathology; Epithelial Attachment - physiology; Epithelial Attachment - surgery; Gingivitis - etiology; Implants, Experimental; Mandible - surgery; Medical sciences; Models, Animal; Morphogenesis; Mouth Mucosa - pathology; Mouth Mucosa - physiology; Mouth Mucosa - surgery; Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology; Periodontal Index; Random Allocation; Surgery
• ISSN: 1079-2104; 1528-395X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.05.045

Objective Although it has been shown that the exclusion of the mucoperiosteal flap can prevent postoperative bone resorption associated with flap elevation, there have been only a few studies on the peri-implant mucosa following flapless implant surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the morphogenesis of the peri-implant mucosa between flap and flapless implant surgeries by using a canine mandible model. Study design In six mongrel dogs, bilateral edentulated flat alveolar ridges were created in the mandible. After 3 months of healing, 2 implants were placed in each side by either the flap or the flapless procedure. Three months after implant insertion, the peri-implant mucosa was evaluated by using clinical, radiologic, and histometric parameters, which included the gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, marginal bone loss, and the vertical dimension of the peri-implant tissues. Results The height of the mucosa, length of the junctional epithelium, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and marginal bone loss were all significantly greater in the dogs that had the flap procedure than in those that had the flapless procedure (P < .05). Conclusion These results indicate that gingival inflammation, the height of junctional epithelium, and bone loss around nonsubmerged implants can be reduced when implants are placed without flap elevation.