Model-based Estimation of Relative Risks and Other Epidemiologic Measures in Studies of Common Outcomes and in Case-Control Studies

Some recent articles have discussed biased methods for estimating risk ratios from adjusted odds ratios when the outcome is common, and the problem of setting confidence limits for risk ratios. These articles have overlooked the extensive literature on valid estimation of risks, risk ratios, and ris...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of epidemiology 2004-08, Vol.160 (4), p.301-305
Main Author: GREENLAND, Sander
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abbreviation: GEE
absolute risk
Analysis. Health state
Biological and medical sciences
Case-Control Studies
clinical trials
Cohort Studies
Confidence Intervals
Epidemiologic Measurements
Epidemiologic Research Design
Epidemiology
Estimating techniques
General aspects
generalized estimating equations
Humans
logistic regression
Medical sciences
Models, Statistical
Odds Ratio
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Regression Analysis
relative risk
Risk
Risk assessment
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Description
Summary:Some recent articles have discussed biased methods for estimating risk ratios from adjusted odds ratios when the outcome is common, and the problem of setting confidence limits for risk ratios. These articles have overlooked the extensive literature on valid estimation of risks, risk ratios, and risk differences from logistic and other models, including methods that remain valid when the outcome is common, and methods for risk and rate estimation from case-control studies. The present article describes how most of these methods can be subsumed under a general formulation that also encompasses traditional standardization methods and methods for projecting the impact of partially successful interventions. Approximate variance formulas for the resulting estimates allow interval estimation; these intervals can be closely approximated by rapid simulation procedures that require only standard software functions.
ISSN:0002-9262
1476-6256
0002-9262
DOI:10.1093/aje/kwh221