Technology and instrumentation for detection and conditioning of the surface electromyographic signal: State of the art

Abstract The aim of this review is to present the state of the art of the technology of detection and conditioning systems for surface electromyography (sEMG). The first part of the manuscript focuses on the sEMG electrode system technology: the electrode classification, impedance, noise, transfer f...

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Published in:Clinical biomechanics (Bristol) 2009-02, Vol.24 (2), p.122-134
Main Authors: Merletti, Roberto, Botter, Alberto, Troiano, Amedeo, Merlo, Enrico, Minetto, Marco Alessandro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Biotechnology - instrumentation
Biotechnology - methods
Biotechnology - trends
Electrode arrays
Electrode noise
Electrodes
Electrode–skin impedance
Electromyography - instrumentation
Electromyography - methods
Electromyography - trends
EMG amplifiers
Equipment Design
Humans
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted - instrumentation
Spatial filtering
Surface EMG
Surface EMG signal conditioning
Surface Properties
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Summary:Abstract The aim of this review is to present the state of the art of the technology of detection and conditioning systems for surface electromyography (sEMG). The first part of the manuscript focuses on the sEMG electrode system technology: the electrode classification, impedance, noise, transfer function, the spatial filtering effect of surface electrode configurations, the effects of electrode geometry, and location on the recorded sEMG signal. Examples of experimental sEMG signals are provided to show the potential value of high-density sEMG electrode grids and multichannel amplifiers that allow to add spatial information to the temporal information content of the sEMG signal. Furthermore, the results of a simple simulation are reported, in order to emphasize the effects of the subcutaneous tissue layers and of the detection volume on the recorded sEMG signal. The second part of the manuscript focuses on the sEMG amplifier technology: the front end amplifier characteristics for signal conditioning, the methods for stimulation artifact reduction, filtering methods, safety requirements, and the methods for analog-to-digital conversion of the sEMG signal.
ISSN:0268-0033
1879-1271
DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.08.006