Central Nervous System Plus Autonomic Nervous System Disorders Responsible for Gastrointestinal and Pancreatobiliary Diseases

Clinical digestive disorders depend on the non-adequate coupling of functioning of the gastrointestinal tract with that of its affluent systems, namely, the pancreatic exocrine and the hepato-biliary secretions. The secretion of gastrointestinal hormones is monitored by the peripheral autonomic nerv...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Digestive diseases and sciences 2009-03, Vol.54 (3), p.458-470
Main Authors: Lechin, Fuad, van der Dijs, Bertha
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autonomic Nervous System - physiopathology
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases - complications
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology
Biochemistry
Biological and medical sciences
Central Nervous System Diseases - complications
Central Nervous System Diseases - physiopathology
Digestive System Diseases - etiology
Digestive System Diseases - physiopathology
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gastroenterology
Hepatology
Hormones - physiology
Humans
Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome - physiopathology
Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome - therapy
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Oncology
Pancreatitis - therapy
Review
Transplant Surgery
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
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Summary:Clinical digestive disorders depend on the non-adequate coupling of functioning of the gastrointestinal tract with that of its affluent systems, namely, the pancreatic exocrine and the hepato-biliary secretions. The secretion of gastrointestinal hormones is monitored by the peripheral autonomic nervous system. However, the latter is regulated by the central nervous system (CNS) circuitry localized at the medullary pontine segment of the CNS. In turn, both parasympathetic and adrenergic medullary circuitries are regulated by the pontine A5 noradrenergic (NA) and the dorsal raphe serotonergic nuclei, respectively. DR-5HT is positively correlated with the C1-Ad medullary nuclei (responsible for adrenal gland secretion), whereas the MR-5HT nucleus is positively correlated with the A5-NA pontomedullary nucleus. The latter is responsible for neural sympathetic activity (sympathetic nerves). Both types of sympathetic activities maintain an alternation with the peripheral parasympathetic branch, which is positively correlated with the enterochromaffin cells that secrete serotonin. Serotonin displays hormonal antagonism to the circulating catecholamines.
ISSN:0163-2116
1573-2568
DOI:10.1007/s10620-008-0369-9