Neurovascular protection reduces early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Cell death, especially apoptosis, occurred in brain tissues after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We examined the relationships between apoptosis and the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain edema, and mortality in an established endovascular perforation model in male Sprague-Dawley rats. A...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stroke (1970) 2004-10, Vol.35 (10), p.2412-2417
Main Authors: PARK, S, YAMAGUCHI, M, ZHOU, C, CALVERT, J. W, TANG, J, ZHANG, John H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones - pharmacology
Animals
Apoptosis - drug effects
Biological and medical sciences
Blood-Brain Barrier
Brain Edema
Caspase 3
Caspases - metabolism
Disease Models, Animal
Injuries of the nervous system and the skull. Diseases due to physical agents
Male
Medical sciences
Neurology
Neuropharmacology
Neuroprotective agent
Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - drug therapy
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - pathology
Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents
Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system
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Summary:Cell death, especially apoptosis, occurred in brain tissues after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We examined the relationships between apoptosis and the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain edema, and mortality in an established endovascular perforation model in male Sprague-Dawley rats. A pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-FMK) was administered intraperitoneally at 1 hour before and 6 hours after SAH. Expression of caspase-3 and positive TUNEL was examined as markers for apoptosis. Apoptosis occurred mostly in cerebral endothelial cells, partially in neurons in the hippocampus, and to a lesser degree in the cerebral cortex. Accordingly, increased BBB permeability and brain water content were observed, accompanied by neurological deficit and a high mortality at 24 hours after SAH. z-VAD-FMK suppressed TUNEL and caspase-3 staining in endothelial cells, decreased caspase-3 activation, reduced BBB permeability, relieved vasospasm, abolished brain edema, and improved neurological outcome. The major effect of z-VAD-FMK on early brain injury after SAH was probably neurovascular protection of cerebral endothelial cells, which results in less damage on BBB.
ISSN:0039-2499
1524-4628
DOI:10.1161/01.str.0000141162.29864.e9