Quasi-induced exposure method: Evaluation of not-at-fault assumption

• Published in: Accident analysis and prevention 2009-03, Vol.41 (2), p.308-313
• Main Authors: Chandraratna, Susantha, Stamatiadis, Nikiforos
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accidents, Traffic - statistics & numerical data; Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Automobile Driving - statistics & numerical data; Crash rates; Crashes; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Not-at-fault drivers; Quasi-induced exposure; Random Allocation; Sex Distribution; Statistics, Nonparametric; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0001-4575; 1879-2057
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2008.12.005

Crash rates are used to establish the relative safety of various variables of concern such as driver classes, vehicle types and roadway components. Appropriate exposure data for estimating crash rates is critical but crash databases do not contain information on driver or vehicle exposure. The quasi-induced exposure method, which uses not-at-fault driver/vehicle data as an exposure metric, is a technique used in order to overcome this problem. The basic assumption made here is that not-at-fault drivers represent the total population in question. This paper examines the validity of this assumption using the Kentucky crash database to define two samples of not-at-fault drivers. One sample included only not-at-fault drivers selected from the first two vehicles in a multi-vehicle crash (two or more vehicles involved) while the other included the not-at-fault drivers from multi-vehicle crashes with more than two vehicles involved and excluding the first two drivers. The assumption is that the randomness of the involvement of drivers in the second sample is more reasonable than the drivers in the first two vehicles involved in crashes. The results indicate that these two samples are similar; there is no statistical evidence demonstrating that both samples represent two different populations in the maneuvers and other variables/factors examined here; and they are representative simple random samples of the driver population with respect to the distribution of the driver age when there is no reasonable doubt about investigating officers’ judgments. Thus, estimating relative crash propensities for any given driver type by using the quasi-induced exposure approach will yield reasonable estimates of exposure.