Regulation of the cytosolic DNA-sensing system in innate immunity: a current view

The sensing of nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors is a central feature of innate immunity and is mediated by two types of receptors, Toll-like receptors and cytosolic receptors. Indeed, DNA, be it pathogen-derived or self-derived, can potently trigger the innate immune system; and much a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current opinion in immunology 2009-02, Vol.21 (1), p.17-22
Main Authors: Yanai, Hideyuki, Savitsky, David, Tamura, Tomohiko, Taniguchi, Tadatsugu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergy and Immunology
Animals
Autoimmune Diseases - genetics
Cytosol
DNA - immunology
DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics
DNA-Binding Proteins - immunology
Exodeoxyribonucleases - genetics
Exodeoxyribonucleases - immunology
Gene Expression Regulation
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Infection - genetics
Infection - immunology
Interferon Regulatory Factors - immunology
Phosphoproteins - genetics
Phosphoproteins - immunology
Polymorphism, Genetic
Signal Transduction
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Summary:The sensing of nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors is a central feature of innate immunity and is mediated by two types of receptors, Toll-like receptors and cytosolic receptors. Indeed, DNA, be it pathogen-derived or self-derived, can potently trigger the innate immune system; and much attention has been focused on the regulation of the DNA-sensing system(s) in the context of protective and pathological immune responses. An accumulating body of evidence has demonstrated that in addition to the membrane-bound type DNA-sensing receptor TLR9, there are cytosolic DNA receptors that can also evoke these responses. In particular, DAI (DLM-1/ZBP1), Trex1, and other regulators of the cytosolic DNA-sensing system have recently been identified and characterized. Here, we summarize our current understanding of how cytosolic DNA receptors contribute to the regulation of innate immune responses and discuss the complexity of the cytosolic DNA-sensing system as well as its future prospects.
ISSN:0952-7915
1879-0372
DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2009.01.005