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Synchrony in the Interconnected Circuitry of the Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex
The corticothalamic system is organized to play a key role in synchronizing the activities of thalamic and cortical neurons. Its synapses dominate the inputs to relay cells and to the GABAergic cells of the reticular nucleus; its organization in focused and diffuse projections promotes both coherent...
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Published in: | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2009-03, Vol.1157 (1), p.10-23 |
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description | The corticothalamic system is organized to play a key role in synchronizing the activities of thalamic and cortical neurons. Its synapses dominate the inputs to relay cells and to the GABAergic cells of the reticular nucleus; its organization in focused and diffuse projections promotes both coherent activity of relay neurons and the spread of activity across the cortex and thalamus. The capacity of relay neurons to operate in voltage‐dependent tonic or burst mode permits corticothalamic inputs to directly excite the relay cells or indirectly inhibit them via the reticular nucleus. This enables the corticothalamic projection to synchronize high‐ or low‐frequency oscillatory activity, respectively, in the thalamo–corticothalamic network. Differences in the subunit composition of AMPA receptors at synapses formed by branches of the same corticothalamic axon in the reticular nucleus and dorsal thalamus are an important element in the capacity of the cortex to synchronize low‐frequency oscillations in the network. Intrinsic voltage‐gated calcium channels of different kinds expressed in the relay neurons form a substrate for corticothalamic interactions with the relay cells that promote high‐ or low‐frequency oscillations. Focused corticothalamic axons arising from layer VI cortical cells and diffuse corticothalamic axons arising from layer V cortical cells, in conjunction with the core and matrix cells of the dorsal thalamus, form a substrate for synchronization of widespread populations of cortical and thalamic cells during high‐frequency oscillations that underlie discrete conscious events. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04534.x |
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Focused corticothalamic axons arising from layer VI cortical cells and diffuse corticothalamic axons arising from layer V cortical cells, in conjunction with the core and matrix cells of the dorsal thalamus, form a substrate for synchronization of widespread populations of cortical and thalamic cells during high‐frequency oscillations that underlie discrete conscious events.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0077-8923</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1749-6632</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1930-6547</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04534.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19351352</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Malden, USA: Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Cerebral Cortex - anatomy & histology ; Cerebral Cortex - physiology ; core and matrix cells ; Cortical Synchronization ; corticothalamic connections ; electroencephalogram ; Humans ; intrinsic properties ; Neural Pathways - cytology ; Neural Pathways - physiology ; oscillations ; thalamocortical ; thalamus ; Thalamus - anatomy & histology ; Thalamus - physiology</subject><ispartof>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2009-03, Vol.1157 (1), p.10-23</ispartof><rights>2009 Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5044-2569f7c3f7724394da1c19322d6b26434234d86e915fdb27cf2825cf2e0fbc823</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5044-2569f7c3f7724394da1c19322d6b26434234d86e915fdb27cf2825cf2e0fbc823</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19351352$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jones, Edward G.</creatorcontrib><title>Synchrony in the Interconnected Circuitry of the Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex</title><title>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</title><addtitle>Ann N Y Acad Sci</addtitle><description>The corticothalamic system is organized to play a key role in synchronizing the activities of thalamic and cortical neurons. Its synapses dominate the inputs to relay cells and to the GABAergic cells of the reticular nucleus; its organization in focused and diffuse projections promotes both coherent activity of relay neurons and the spread of activity across the cortex and thalamus. The capacity of relay neurons to operate in voltage‐dependent tonic or burst mode permits corticothalamic inputs to directly excite the relay cells or indirectly inhibit them via the reticular nucleus. This enables the corticothalamic projection to synchronize high‐ or low‐frequency oscillatory activity, respectively, in the thalamo–corticothalamic network. Differences in the subunit composition of AMPA receptors at synapses formed by branches of the same corticothalamic axon in the reticular nucleus and dorsal thalamus are an important element in the capacity of the cortex to synchronize low‐frequency oscillations in the network. Intrinsic voltage‐gated calcium channels of different kinds expressed in the relay neurons form a substrate for corticothalamic interactions with the relay cells that promote high‐ or low‐frequency oscillations. Focused corticothalamic axons arising from layer VI cortical cells and diffuse corticothalamic axons arising from layer V cortical cells, in conjunction with the core and matrix cells of the dorsal thalamus, form a substrate for synchronization of widespread populations of cortical and thalamic cells during high‐frequency oscillations that underlie discrete conscious events.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - physiology</subject><subject>core and matrix cells</subject><subject>Cortical Synchronization</subject><subject>corticothalamic connections</subject><subject>electroencephalogram</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>intrinsic properties</subject><subject>Neural Pathways - cytology</subject><subject>Neural Pathways - physiology</subject><subject>oscillations</subject><subject>thalamocortical</subject><subject>thalamus</subject><subject>Thalamus - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Thalamus - physiology</subject><issn>0077-8923</issn><issn>1749-6632</issn><issn>1930-6547</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkE9P7CAUxYnR6Dz1K5iu3LUPLlDKymijo4lPF2qMbgilNNOx0yq0cfrtZf7Et1QWF5Jz7rncH0IRwQkJ5-88IYLJOE0pJICxTDDjlCXLHTT5FnbRBGMh4kwCPUB_vJ9jTCBjYh8dEEk5oRwm6N_D2JqZ69oxqtuon9nopu2tM13bWtPbMsprZ4a6d2PUVWv9caYbvRh8pNugWmcLp5so71xvl0dor9KNt8fb-xA9XV0-5tfx7f30Jj-_jQ3HjMXAU1kJQyshgFHJSk1M-BJAmRaQMsqAsjJLrSS8KgsQpoIMeKgWV4XJgB6i003uu-s-But7tai9sU2jW9sNXqWCgASR_mgEzJlkkgdjtjEa13nvbKXeXb3QblQEqxVzNVcrtGqFVq2YqzVztQytJ9sZQ7Gw5f_GLeRgONsYPuvGjr8OVncv5w_rd0iINwm1D5S_E7R7C6tSwdXz3VS9sguaP0tQOf0CJ4OeWg</recordid><startdate>200903</startdate><enddate>200903</enddate><creator>Jones, Edward G.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200903</creationdate><title>Synchrony in the Interconnected Circuitry of the Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex</title><author>Jones, Edward G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5044-2569f7c3f7724394da1c19322d6b26434234d86e915fdb27cf2825cf2e0fbc823</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Cerebral Cortex - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Cerebral Cortex - physiology</topic><topic>core and matrix cells</topic><topic>Cortical Synchronization</topic><topic>corticothalamic connections</topic><topic>electroencephalogram</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>intrinsic properties</topic><topic>Neural Pathways - cytology</topic><topic>Neural Pathways - physiology</topic><topic>oscillations</topic><topic>thalamocortical</topic><topic>thalamus</topic><topic>Thalamus - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Thalamus - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jones, Edward G.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jones, Edward G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Synchrony in the Interconnected Circuitry of the Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex</atitle><jtitle>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Ann N Y Acad Sci</addtitle><date>2009-03</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>1157</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>10</spage><epage>23</epage><pages>10-23</pages><issn>0077-8923</issn><eissn>1749-6632</eissn><eissn>1930-6547</eissn><abstract>The corticothalamic system is organized to play a key role in synchronizing the activities of thalamic and cortical neurons. Its synapses dominate the inputs to relay cells and to the GABAergic cells of the reticular nucleus; its organization in focused and diffuse projections promotes both coherent activity of relay neurons and the spread of activity across the cortex and thalamus. The capacity of relay neurons to operate in voltage‐dependent tonic or burst mode permits corticothalamic inputs to directly excite the relay cells or indirectly inhibit them via the reticular nucleus. This enables the corticothalamic projection to synchronize high‐ or low‐frequency oscillatory activity, respectively, in the thalamo–corticothalamic network. Differences in the subunit composition of AMPA receptors at synapses formed by branches of the same corticothalamic axon in the reticular nucleus and dorsal thalamus are an important element in the capacity of the cortex to synchronize low‐frequency oscillations in the network. Intrinsic voltage‐gated calcium channels of different kinds expressed in the relay neurons form a substrate for corticothalamic interactions with the relay cells that promote high‐ or low‐frequency oscillations. Focused corticothalamic axons arising from layer VI cortical cells and diffuse corticothalamic axons arising from layer V cortical cells, in conjunction with the core and matrix cells of the dorsal thalamus, form a substrate for synchronization of widespread populations of cortical and thalamic cells during high‐frequency oscillations that underlie discrete conscious events.</abstract><cop>Malden, USA</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Inc</pub><pmid>19351352</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04534.x</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Cerebral Cortex - anatomy & histology Cerebral Cortex - physiology core and matrix cells Cortical Synchronization corticothalamic connections electroencephalogram Humans intrinsic properties Neural Pathways - cytology Neural Pathways - physiology oscillations thalamocortical thalamus Thalamus - anatomy & histology Thalamus - physiology |
title | Synchrony in the Interconnected Circuitry of the Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex |
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