Facial Appearance, Gender, and Emotion Expression

Western gender stereotypes describe women as affiliative and more likely to show happiness and men as dominant and more likely to show anger. The authors assessed the hypothesis that the gender-stereotypic effects on perceptions of anger and happiness are partially mediated by facial appearance mark...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Emotion (Washington, D.C.) D.C.), 2004-12, Vol.4 (4), p.378-388
Main Authors: Hess, Ursula, Adams, Reginald B, Kleck, Robert E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Anger
Emotional States
Emotions
Facial Expression
Facial Expressions
Female
Gender Identity
Happiness
Human
Humans
Male
Perception
Sex Role Attitudes
Social Dominance
Stereotyped Attitudes
Stereotyping
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Summary:Western gender stereotypes describe women as affiliative and more likely to show happiness and men as dominant and more likely to show anger. The authors assessed the hypothesis that the gender-stereotypic effects on perceptions of anger and happiness are partially mediated by facial appearance markers of dominance and affiliation by equating men's and women's faces for these cues. In 2 studies, women were rated as more angry and men as more happy-a reversal of the stereotype. Ratings of sadness, however, were not systematically affected. It is posited that markers of affiliation and dominance, themselves confounded with gender, interact with the expressive cues for anger and happiness to produce emotional perceptions that have been viewed as simple gender stereotypes.
ISSN:1528-3542
1931-1516
DOI:10.1037/1528-3542.4.4.378