Evidence for occurrence of an organophosphate-resistant type of acetylcholinesterase in strains of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the target of a major pesticide family, the organophosphates, which were extensively used as control agents of sea lice on farmed salmonids in the early 1990s. From the mid‐1990s the organophosphates dichlorvos and azamethiphos were seriously compromised by the develop...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pest management science 2004-12, Vol.60 (12), p.1163-1170
Main Authors: Fallang, Anders, Ramsay, Jennifer Mara, Sevatdal, Sigmund, Burka, John F, Jewess, Philip, Hammell, K Larry, Horsberg, Tor E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acetylcholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism
Animal aquaculture
Animal productions
Animals
Aquaculture
azamethiphos
Biological and medical sciences
Canada
Copepoda - drug effects
Copepoda - enzymology
Crustaceans
Ectoparasitic Infestations - veterinary
Enzymes
Female
Fish Diseases - parasitology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Insecticide Resistance - physiology
Lepeophtheirus salmonis
Norway
Organothiophosphates - pharmacology
Pesticides
Pisciculture
resistance
Resistance to control
Salmon - parasitology
sea lice
Vertebrate aquaculture
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Summary:Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the target of a major pesticide family, the organophosphates, which were extensively used as control agents of sea lice on farmed salmonids in the early 1990s. From the mid‐1990s the organophosphates dichlorvos and azamethiphos were seriously compromised by the development of resistance. AChE insensitive to organophosphate chemotherapeutants has been identified as a major resistance mechanism in numerous arthropod species, and in this study, target‐site resistance was confirmed in the crustacean Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer isolated from several fish‐farming areas in Norway and Canada. A bimolecular rate assay demonstrated the presence of two AChE enzymes with different sensitivities towards azamethiphos, one that was rapidly inactivated and one that was very slowly inactivated. To our knowledge this is the first report of target‐site resistance towards organophosphates in a third class of arthropods, the Crustacea. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
ISSN:1526-498X
1526-4998
DOI:10.1002/ps.932